Boron doped diamond electrode for the wastewater treatment

Alfaro, Marco Antonio Quiroz; Ferro, Sergio; Martínez‐Huitle, Carlos A.; Vong, Yunny Meas

doi:10.1590/s0103-50532006000200003

Cited by 142 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In comparing the two different anode types, it can be seen that BDD is the better choice from the standpoint of toxicity reduction. Boron-doped diamond is already known to be a superior electrode material from a reactivity standpoint [11,13], and these findings only confirm that these benefits lead to an overall reduction in effluent toxicity compared with graphite.…”

Section: Ohmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Specifically, BDD has a large working potential window, high resistance to fouling, and long-term stability in air [12]. Boron-doped diamond is also an inert, nonactive electrode by which direct oxidation occurs mainly through highly active hydroxyl radicals [13]. In addition to direct oxidation at the electrode, indirect oxidation can also occur in the presence of a chloride electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

Saylor

Chen

Kupferle

2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, the Microtox® test was used to track the toxicity of electrochemical effluents to the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri as a function of reaction time. When electrochemistry was used to degrade aqueous phenol using different reactor configurations, two reaction pathways were identified, chlorine substitution and oxidation, depending on whether the electrolyte contained chloride. For a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, electrochemistry using Na₂SO₄ electrolyte produced a significantly more toxic effluent than when using NaCl electrolyte with all other conditions remaining the same. This effect is attributed to the reaction pathway, specifically the production of benzoquinone. Benzoquinone was produced only during electrochemistry using Na₂SO₄ and is the most toxic potential intermediate, having nearly 800 times more toxicity than phenol. Although the use of NaCl produced a lower toxicity effluent than Na₂SO₄, caution should be observed because of the production of chlorinated phenols, which can be of special environmental concern. When comparing graphite rod and BDD plate anodes in terms of toxicity evolution when using Na₂SO₄, BDD was found to produce a lower toxicity effluent; this is a result of the increased oxidizing power of BDD, reducing the formation of benzoquinone. In this comparison, the type of anode material/electrode configuration did not seem to affect which intermediates were detected but did affect the quantity of and rate of production of intermediates.

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Section: Ohmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

Saylor

Chen

Kupferle

2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…BDD thin films with typically 10 19 -10 21 boron atoms cm −3 in diamond lattice are useful, especially for electrode applications. BDD electrodes have been used to (a) detect very low concentrations of toxic metal ions like lead [82], (b) treat wastewater [83], (c) monitor industrial wastewater by determining chemical oxygen demand [84,85], (d) synthesize organic and inorganic substances [86], (e) record neurochemical and electrical information in neural prosthesis [87], (f) sense several biomolecules [88], and so forth.…”

Section: Bdd Thin Films Via In Situ Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on theIn SituSynthesis of Boron-Doped Diamond Thin Films

Srikanth

Kumar

2012

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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Diamond thin films are well known for their unsurpassed physical and chemical properties. In the recent past, research interests in the synthesis of conductive diamond thin films, especially the boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films, have risen up to cater to the requirements of electronic, biosensoric, and electrochemical applications. BDD thin films are obtained by substituting some of the sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms in the diamond lattice with boron atoms. Depending on diamond thin film synthesis conditions, boron doping routes, and further processing steps (if any), different types of BDD diamond thin films with application-specific properties can be obtained. This paper will review several important advances in the synthesis of boron-doped diamond thin films, especially those synthesized via gas phase manipulation.

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“…Electrodegradation of organic molecules, with BDD anodes, presents several advantages due to their chemical stability and high overpotential for oxygen evolution [12,15,16]. The possibility of application of membrane filtration in different areas, not only in wastewater treatment, but especially in various types of separations and purifications in the chemical and biochemical industries, has motivated a remarkable development of this technology in the last few decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent aromatic pollutants removal using a combined process of electrochemical treatment and reverse osmosis/nanofiltration

Diogo

Morão

Lopes

2010

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The application of a combined electrochemical/ membrane filtration process for treatment of wastewaters containing persistent pollutants was investigated. Phenol and an azo dye (Acid Orange 7, AO7) were used as model pollutants. A boron doped diamond electrode, the state-of-the-art in electrode material, was used as anode in the electrochemical treatment, following previous excellent results obtained with this kind of electrodes in the removal of soluble organic compounds from aqueous solutions. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes were used in the concentration step of a two-stage combined process.The experimental conditions were selected in order to test the applicability of a model developed here, which predicts the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the electrochemical treatment. The model was applied to estimate the COD evolution in the electrochemical reactor along a certain number of cycles of combined electrochemical/membrane filtration treatment using experimental data of observed rejections of the pollutants.In terms of the overall efficiency of the treatment, the results show that very high COD removal values can be obtained in both the cases of phenol and AO7, above 95%, when comparing the COD of the membrane permeates which constitute the treated effluent, with the feeding solutions.

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Boron doped diamond electrode for the wastewater treatment

Cited by 142 publications

References 61 publications

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

A Brief Review on theIn SituSynthesis of Boron-Doped Diamond Thin Films

Persistent aromatic pollutants removal using a combined process of electrochemical treatment and reverse osmosis/nanofiltration

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