Chlorination of Sea Water—Effects on Fouling and Corrosion

Anderson, D.; Richards, B. R.

doi:10.1115/1.3678505

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…At other sites, however, discontinuous treatments have failed (Anderson & Richards, 1966) due to the rapid growth rate of local mussel populations. At the Dunkerque plant on the French North Sea coast, for example, chlorination was performed from 1969 to 1971 according to the following protocol (Lagouche & Guillon, 1976) : In 1971 at this plant, 360 m3 of mussels (Myfilus edulis) had to be removed from the pumping station and the water intake tunnel.…”

Section: Discontinuous Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling water management in European power stations Biology and control of fouling

Jenner

Whitehouse

Taylor³

et al. 1998

Hydroécol. Appl.

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Section: Discontinuous Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling water management in European power stations Biology and control of fouling

Jenner

Whitehouse

Taylor³

et al. 1998

Hydroécol. Appl.

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“…Mussel control using chlorination is well documented in the literature. Turner et al (1948) and Anderson & Richards (1966) observed that intermittent chlorination failed to prevent mussel settlement and growth in power plants. James (1967) also reported the ineffectiveness of the intermittent chlorination for controlling fouling in Carmarthen Bay power station.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorination and mussel control in the cooling conduits of a tropical coastal power station

Rajagopal

Nair

Azariah

et al. 1996

Marine Environmental Research

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The rationale for the present study has been the continued problem of biofouling in the cooling conduits of Madras Atomic Power Station (Kalpakkam), in spite of intermittent chlorination used as a fouling control measure. A diver-assisted inspection of the tunnel proved that the green mussel, Perna viridis (L.) was the major component of the fouling community inside the cooling conduits. Maximum biomass value recorded was 211 kg/m2, observed inside the forebay shaft at a depth of 22.5 m. The total biomass of fouling in the entire tunnel system was estimated to be 578 tonnes, of which the contribution by P.viridis alone was 411 tonnes. High-level chlorination, followed by continuous low-level chlorination brought large quantities of sessile biomass from the tunnel to travelling water screens (TWS). A total biomass of about 187 tonnes offouling debris was collectedfrom TWS during February 1988 to January 1990. Of these, P.viridis accounted for 164 tonnes. The sizefrequency distribution of P.viridis collected on the TWS clearly showed that the appearance of young mussels (O-2 cm shell length) was correlated with the breeding pattern of green mussels in the adjacent coastal waters. The present study showed that intermittent chlorination is an ineflective method for mussel control in the power station cooling conduits. Continuous high-level chlorination is useful for dislodging established mussel communities from intake tunnels.

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“…Toxicants applied to aquatic systems will typically diffuse throughout the system and affect the individuals that are otherwise difficult to detect 19 . This characteristic, however, also threatens non-target organisms, and the damage made can be more detrimental than the invasion itself 20,21 . For example, the most common used chemical control agent, chlorine, is a non-specific poison and kills most aquatic organisms 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcapsulated biocides for the targeted control of invasive bivalves

Tang

Aldridge

2019

Sci Rep

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Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the greatest drivers of ecological change. Typically, control uses chemical agents that often are ineffective, harmful to non-target organisms, and environmentally persistent. Bivalves are frequently high impact IAS, but have proven particularly hard to control due to their valve-closing response when exposed to conventional control agents. Microencapsulation of biocides with edible coatings represents a highly targeted delivery route, bypassing avoidance responses and accumulating in bivalves through their prodigious filter feeding. Uneaten microcapsules degrade and become biologically inactive within hours thus reducing potential impacts on non-target biota. We manufactured two new formulations of microcapsules (BioBullets). Particles were designed to mimic natural food particles (algae) in terms of size (9.5 ± 0.5 to 19.4 ± 1.3 SE µm diameter), buoyancy (near neutral) and shape (spherical). Laboratory exposures demonstrated that two formulations effectively controlled the Gulf wedge clam Rangia cuneata, an IAS currently spreading rapidly through Europe. A single dose of 2–6 mg L−1 of the active ingredient in a static system achieved 90% mortality after 30 days of exposure. Microencapsulation offers an effective and targeted management tool for rapid responses following the early detection of both Gulf wedge clams and many other filter-feeding IAS, and may be especially effective in closed systems or where populations remain very localised.

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Chlorination of Sea Water—Effects on Fouling and Corrosion

Abstract: This paper contains a review of literature, field experience, and test data concerning control of fouling by chlorination and temperature and the effects of water treatments on metallic corrosion.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cooling water management in European power stations Biology and control of fouling

Cooling water management in European power stations Biology and control of fouling

Chlorination and mussel control in the cooling conduits of a tropical coastal power station

Microcapsulated biocides for the targeted control of invasive bivalves

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