Cooling water management in European power stations Biology and control of fouling

Jenner, H.A.; Whitehouse, J.W.; Taylor, C J; Khalanski, M.

doi:10.1051/hydro:1989101

Cited by 71 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Biofouling of boats in freshwater environments has not received enough attention (Loeb 1986, Jenner et al 1998) but was sufficiently studied in marine environments (Melo and Bott 1997). The current research work is the first report from this part of the world.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats in the Kabul River, Pakistan

Khuram

Ahmad

Jan

et al. 2014

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats refers to the accrual of freshwater green algae on boats immersed in water. The current research focused on the morphological characteristics of the isolates, species ecology, and the physicochemical properties of the water at the sampling sites. Two localities, Haji Zai and Sardaryab, were sampled at the Kabul River in the district of Charsadda, Pakistan. Freshwater green algae causing biofouling were isolated from the boats. A total of three genera: Cladophora, Rhizoclonium, and Spirogyra with fifteen species belonging to the families Cladophoraceae and Zygnemataceae were observed. Statistical analysis reveals significant stimulation of green algal species in the boats' fouled communities by increases in water temperature, conductivity, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The algal growth at the Haji Zai site is suppressed by TDS in autumn (Pearson -0.56) and is stimulated by water temperature in spring (Pearson 0.44). At the Sardaryab site, algae were stimulated in spring by pH of water * Corresponding author: barinova@research.haifa.ac.il (Pearson 0.61), and suppressed by Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in autumn (Pearson -0.43). Statistical analysis indicates that pH, conductivity, and temperature are the main factors determining the algal biofouling in the Kabul River.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats in the Kabul River, Pakistan

Khuram

Ahmad

Jan

et al. 2014

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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“…9). Jenner et al (1998) found that biofouling of cooling water systems by mussels was only significantly reduced when the mean current velocities ranged from 1.8 to 2.2 m s -1 , with a total absence at >2.9 m s -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present findings, however, showing maintained clearance/feeding rates at current velocities >0.25 m s -1 appear to be generally more consistent with field observations. For example, there is preferential settlement and growth of mussels in areas of high currents, such as mouths of macrotidal estuaries and cooling water systems of electric power plants (Jenner et al 1998). If currents >0.25 m s -1 inhibited feeding, mussels living at Exmouth would only be able to feed for around 11% of the immersion time (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effects of current velocity on mussel feeding and mussel bed stability using an annular flume

et al. 2002

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An annular flume was used to measure the effect of increasing current velocity on mussel (Mytilus edulis) feeding rate and the stability of mussel beds sampled from the mouth of the Exe estuary (SW England). It was found that, in contrast to earlier flume studies, the feeding rates of mussels from open coast sites were unaffected by current velocities up to 0.8 m s -1 . Algal cell depletion in the water column above mussels was a function of current velocity, increasing with declining currents below 0.05 m s -1 . The erodability/stability of the mussel bed, measured in terms of critical erosion velocity, sediment mass eroded and mean erosion rate, was found to be a function of the nature of the substrate and the density of the mussels. Erosion of mussel beds on sandy substrate showed a non-linear relationship with mussel bed density. In comparison with the sand (0% mussel cover), sediment resuspension was about five and four times higher for 25% and 50% cover, respectively. This was due to the increased turbulence and scouring around the clumps of mussels in low-density parts of the bed, and this resulted in some mussels detaching from the bed. At ~100% mussel cover, the sandy bed was more protected by the dense surface layer of mussels, and none became detached during erosion due to the high number of byssal attachments between individuals. The sediment resuspension from the 100% mussel cover was about three times lower than the 0% cover. Erosion of the bed with 50% cover resulted in burial of a large proportion of the mussels, with a 6 cm increase in sediment level. However, the mussels returned to the surface and recovered in 1-2 days, due to a combination of migration upwards and substrate settlement. Channels on the edge of the main Exmouth mussel bed were characterised by a more stable substrate comprising pebbles and sand with varying mussel densities. At these sites, where mussels experience high current velocities on spring tides (up to 0.9 m s -1 ), there was no difference between the erodability of pebble/sand substrate with 0% and 100% mussel cover. The sediment erosion was also lower than the 100% mussel cover on the sandy substrate, particularly at currents >0.4 m s -1 . Sampling of different parts of the mussel bed at Exmouth showed mussels at low densities were made up of smaller clumps with a lower mass ratio of mussels to attached substrate (pebbles/sand), thus providing a greater degree of anchorage.

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“…Generally, 0.5 to 2 mg l -1 of chlorine is dosed at the intake area of the cooling systems and the resultant total residual oxidant level ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mg l -1 (Jenner et al 1998). The most important mechanism for the action of antifoulants is through inactivation of essential enzymes (Chapman 2003, Cross et al 2003, organic constituents in cells (Hassett et al 1999, Chapman 2003, destabilization of cell membranes and cell lysis (Chapman 2003, Walsh et al 2003 and uncoupling the membrane potential (Zhao et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to chlorine affects the extracellular polymeric substance production and cell surface hydrophobicity in biofilm bacteria

Rathi

Satheesh

2012

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Chlorination is a common antifouling method adopted by industrial units to minimize the fouling growth on cooling systems. In the present study, the effect of sodium hypochlorite on extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, hydrophobicity, cell adhesion and viability of marine bacteria involved in biofilm formation were assessed in laboratory condition. Two bacterial strains, tentatively identified as Alteromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the surface of seaweeds were used as test organisms for the present study. The bacterial cultures were treated with sodium hypochlorite at 25% of the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results showed considerable variation in the production of EPS, viable counts, hydrophobicity and adhesion ability of bacteria treated with sodium hypochlorite. In general, the present study indicated that chlorination affects some important characteristics involved in the biofilm formation and thereby reduces the adhesion rate on surfaces.

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Cooling water management in European power stations Biology and control of fouling

Cited by 71 publications

References 37 publications

Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats in the Kabul River, Pakistan

Freshwater green algal biofouling of boats in the Kabul River, Pakistan

Investigation of the effects of current velocity on mussel feeding and mussel bed stability using an annular flume

Exposure to chlorine affects the extracellular polymeric substance production and cell surface hydrophobicity in biofilm bacteria

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