Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in Ontario - analysing and controlling the risks

Birmingham, Brendan C.; Clement, R.E.; Harding, D.C.; Pearson, Roger F.; Rokosh, D. A.; Smithies, W.; Szakolcai, A.; Thorpe, Beverley; Tosine, H.; Wells, David

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(86)90474-1

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…are discussed. The impact of data quality/availability on exposure estimates is highlighted by use of the Ministry of the Environment's (MOE) involvement with the multi-media exposure assessment for PCDDs/PCDFs(MOE, 1985, Birmingham et al, 1986, Birmingham et al, 1989b). The availability of better and more relevant monitoring data since 1985 has considerably refined our exposure estimate for PCDD and PCDF, however, more Canadian long-term monitoring data and good congener specific data are required to both sharpen our estimate of the toxicity of PCDD and PCDF mixtures and to better understand the sources of contamination of our food chain and other sources of human exposure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans in ambient air : proceedings of a workshop, September 17, 1989, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Clement¹

1992

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Much attention is presently focused on ambient PCDDs/PCDFs measurements in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically a two-staged approach is employed consisting of ambient monitoring on both a pre-operational or background basis followed by a post-operational phase. Sample collection and analyses procedures most often consist of high volume sorbent samplers in concert with high-resolution gas-chromatography/high resolution or magnetic sector mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). While much has been written in the open literature on the subject of measurement methodology, little has been written about other critical factors in program and monitoring network design. Critical factors or components in the design of state-of-the-art ambient monitoring networks for PCDDs/PCDFs in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators are reviewed. Particular attention is focused on, but not limited to the following: monitoring network design, sampler placement criteria, siting criteria (both site specific and regional specific), meteorological parameters (wind speed, direction, temperature, baromeuic pressure, atmospheric stability class), sampling schedule, (frequency and duration), seasonal considerations, ambient background (What is it and how do we reliably establish it?) and quality assurance/quality control considerations. 'Pio.xjfi^'i in AtJibieni ,'?/? '..Oi o:\jns in Jlmbieni .^.ir Volume m Air and Surface Water Releases, EPA 530/SW-87-001, July 1987. 2. U.S. EPA, September 1984. Network Design and Site Exposure Criteria for Selected Non Criteria Air Pollutants. EPA 450/4-84-022. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. 3.

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“…The Ministry of the Environment's (MOE) involvement with the multi-media exposure assessment for PCDDs/PCDFs(MOE, 1985, Birmingham et al, 1986, Birmingham et al, 1989b will be used as an example to illustrate this process. The task has involved collaboration with many people at MOE,Health & …”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans in ambient air : proceedings of a workshop, September 17, 1989, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Clement¹

1992

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Ecosystem health: an example of implications arising from regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), and the importance of setting precedent

Sly¹

1992

J Aquat Ecosyst Stress Recov

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Ecosystem health is a key principle which underlies the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA).This act is designed to protect human health and the environment from harmful and/or irreversible effects by providing a 'cradle-to-grave' regulation of toxic substances.As an example of the application of this act, this contribution considers the most toxic dioxins and furans which are generally associated with Kraft pulp mill effluents. These are some of the first substances to come under the CEPA legislation. The proposed CEPA regulations for dioxins and furans are based on 'end-of-pipe' control, which would effectively limit their concentrations in effluent to something close to measurable levels. Depending on sample matrix and methodology, however, measurable levels may differ considerably.Evidence presented at the Alberta-Pacific (ALPAC) pulp mill hearings in Alberta and the Northwest Territories during 1989 demonstrated that total loadings are particularly important in dealing with the far-field effects of these extremely toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulating substances. Further, it was reported that there might be no threshold of effect for tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD) or the companion furan. If such evidence is correct, the CEPA regulations should be designed to achieve zero discharge of these contaminants. Measurable levels, as presently defined in the CEPA regulations, may be in excess of zero discharge requirements.Clearly, such inconsistency may cause problems and should be addressed directly. Unfortunately, the first draft of the CEPA regulations represents a piecemeal approach. In this, it is unfair to industry, it is scientifically inadequate, and it may not be enforceable. The application of CEPA regulations for the pulp and paper industry will set a new precedent for Canada's approach to ecosystem health. It is therefore essential to base decisions on a good understanding of the dynamics and effects of chemicals in ecosystems and to re-evaluate, carefully, the toxicities of key contaminants. Interim measures are likely appropriate.

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Assessment of relative toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in Lake Ontario salmonids to mammalian systems using toxic equivalent factors (TEP)

Niimi

Oliver²

1989

Chemosphere

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Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in Ontario - analysing and controlling the risks

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans in ambient air : proceedings of a workshop, September 17, 1989, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans in ambient air : proceedings of a workshop, September 17, 1989, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ecosystem health: an example of implications arising from regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), and the importance of setting precedent

Assessment of relative toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo- -dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in Lake Ontario salmonids to mammalian systems using toxic equivalent factors (TEP)

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