Chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone – Relationship between deposition of chlorides on the wet candle and chlorides accumulated into concrete

Meira, Gibson Rocha; Andrade, Carmen; Padaratz, I. J.; Alonso, C.; Borba, J.C.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.05.009

Cited by 93 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, this behaviour does not follow a linear relation between chlorides from marine aerosol and chlorides that penétrate into concrete. This relationship was observed in a previous paper [16] to be represented by the expression C tot = C 0 + k¿ • y/D^c, where C tot is the average of total chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the initial chloride content in concrete, k d is a concrete and environmental dependant coefficient and D ac is the accumulated chloride deposition on the wet candle device. Table 3 presents these relationships to each concrete mixture, which were updated incorporating data up to 46 months.…”

Section: Relationship With Total Chlorides Accumulated Into Concretementioning

confidence: 81%

“…The profiles obtained up to 18 months of exposure are fully described in another document [39] and show typical increase tendencies of chloride concentrations with w/c ratio and with time. The influence of material characteristics, concerning cement composition and concrete porosity, as well as the environmental influence are also discussed in a previous paper [16]. Here, results of a longer exposure time are added.…”

Section: Chloride Profiles In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curves representing the relationship of this environmental indicator with chloride accumulation into concrete in marine atmosphere zone are presented. Previous author's papers contributed to analyse marine aerosol behaviour [7] and its interaction with concrete structures [6,16]. However, it is in the current paper that long-term data and service-life analysis could be incorporated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, studies that show the relationship between chloride presence in atmosphere and concrete durability are still scarce. Some efforts done in this way show that, as in aerosol salinity, there is a similar decrease tendency for the total amount of chlorides that penétrate into concrete structures built in marine atmosphere zone [5,6,8,16]. These studies, which were carried out under natural exposures, observed decreases up to 70% in chloride penetration into concrete in the first hundred meters from the sea and one of the previous papers published by the authors presented relationships between chlorides form marine aerosol and those that penetrate into concrete [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones – The use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator

Meira

Andrade

Alonso

et al. 2010

Cement and Concrete Composites

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Chloride deposition Concrete durability Environmental indicator Marine atmosphere zone Wet candle Durability of concrete structures under marine environments has been studied for a long time. This work was focused on marine atmosphere zone and studied the deposition of chlorides on wet candle devices and its relation with chlorides accumulated into concrete. Concrete specimens with three different mixtures were exposed at places located at four different distances from the sea. Periodically, chloride profiles were obtained and analysed taking into account environmental data. Results of numerical extrapolations show that chloride deposition rate on the wet candle can be used as an environmental indicator, helping to preview the expectancy of service Ufe of concrete structures or suggesting mínimum concrete cover thicknesses for a required service Ufe. Regarding the studied región, service Ufe decreases between 30% and 60% were observed when changing chloride deposition from 120 mg/m 2 day to 500 mg/ m 2 day, which shows that chloride deposition plays an important role as an environmental indicator on service-life analysis of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zone.

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Section: Relationship With Total Chlorides Accumulated Into Concretementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Chloride Profiles In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones – The use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator

Meira

Andrade

Alonso

et al. 2010

Cement and Concrete Composites

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“…The most important cause of corrosion initiation of steel bar is the ingress of chloride ions to the steel surface [2][3][4] . Corrosion of steel bar damages the reinforced concrete structures in two ways: First, it reduces the crosssectional area of steel bar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of reinforcing bars embedded in alkali-activated slag concrete subjected to chloride attack

2011

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Steel bar embedded in an alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete was tested under complete immersion, in 3.5% NaCl solution by weight of the slag. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was also tested for comparative purposes and exposed to the same solution. Monitoring of open-circuit potential, polarization resistance measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of steel bar. The corrosion resistances of AAS and OPC concretes were performed at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Electrochemical measurements shows that AAS concrete presents passive corrosion behavior the first 3 months, after this period of time, it presents corrosion resistance decreased due to the chlorides presence at the steel/AAS interface. For 0 months immersion (28 days of curing) the AAS and OPC concretes presented a 10% of corrosion probability. After 3 months of immersion the tested AAS and OPC concretes showed similar behavior, the active potentials in the range from −0.2 to −0.6 V vs. Cu/CuSO 4, indicate a 90% probability of corrosion.

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Developments in defining exposure classes for durability design and specification

Beushausen

Ndawula

Helland³

et al. 2021

Structural Concrete

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Durability design and service life modeling of concrete structures rely on environmental exposure classes based on the prevailing deterioration mechanisms. International standard environmental exposure classes, for example, those found in the fib Model Code 2010 and ISO 22965‐1:2007 are predominantly based on European environmental conditions. Although these exposure classes are more suited to the prescriptive design for durability, they may also be adapted to performance‐based design. For more complex design philosophies such as limit state design using partial factors, the generalizations of the standard exposure classes cannot be suitably employed and therefore a more rigorous characterization of the exposure environment is required. The standard exposure classes in the fib Model Code 2010 as well as various national codes from different regions of the world are critically reviewed, and their limitations highlighted. Based on the review, updates to the standard exposure classes for inclusion in the fib Model Code 2020 are proposed. This paper summarizes the work of TG8.8 WP3 (Commission 8: Durability, Task Group 8.8: Common approaches, Working Party 3: Exposure Zones) and represents the view of the Working Party members.

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Chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone – Relationship between deposition of chlorides on the wet candle and chlorides accumulated into concrete

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

Durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones – The use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator

Durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones – The use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator

Corrosion of reinforcing bars embedded in alkali-activated slag concrete subjected to chloride attack

Developments in defining exposure classes for durability design and specification

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