Chloride ingress into structural lightweight aggregate concrete in real marine environment

Real, Sofia; Bogas, José Alexandre

doi:10.1016/j.marstruc.2018.05.008

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…At the time of the sharp rise in the current, the concrete develops rapid longitudinal cracks. Adding SF can effectively delay the time of crack appearance as long as the appropriate dispersion was applied in the mixture [74,117].…”

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Durable Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: The Role of Waste and Recycled Materials

et al. 2020

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Lightweight aggregate concrete manufactured by solid waste or recycled by-products is a burgeoning topic in construction and building materials. It has significant merits in mitigating the negative impact on the environment during the manufacturing of Portland cement and reduces the consumption of natural resources. In this review article, the agricultural and industrial wastes and by-products, which were used as cementitious materials and artificial lightweight aggregate concrete, are summarized. Besides, the mechanical properties, durability, and a few advanced microstructure characterization methods were reviewed as well. This review also provides a look to the future research trends that may help address the challenges or further enhance the environmental benefits of lightweight aggregate concrete manufactured with solid waste and recycled by-products.

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Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Durable Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: The Role of Waste and Recycled Materials

et al. 2020

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“…Various investigations have been conducted in marine structures [1,16,118,120,121,122] and in specimens subjected to long-term real environmental exposure conditions [2,30,86,123,124,125]. In general, the chloride penetration resistance of SLWAC can be as high as that of NWC [30,64,118,120,121,125], which is in line with the laboratory studies presented in literature [2,6,35,49,50,51,70,86,108]. As previously discussed (Section 1), various examples of existing structures in Japan [106], Norway [16,79,126,127,128] and North American [1,120] show the high potential durability of SLWAC to chloride attack.…”

Section: Chloride Ingressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real and Bogas [125] performed a comprehensive experimental study, involving 65 slab specimens of SLWAC and NWC, covering a wide range of density (D1.6-2.0) and strength classes (LC20/22-LC55/60), subjected to different real exposure conditions, namely XS1 (exposed to airborne salt but not in direct contact with sea water zone), XS2 (permanently submerged zone) and XS3 (tidal, splash and spray zone). After 3 years of exposure, the authors found that the chloride diffusion of SLWAC generally tended to be similar to that of NWC of the same composition, at least for w/c up to 0.55.…”

Section: Chloride Ingressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Carbonation and Chloride Penetration Resistance of Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

Bogas

Real

2019

Materials

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This paper presents a comprehensive review on structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) durability. The main transport properties and degradation mechanisms of reinforced concrete are addressed, namely, carbonation and chloride attack. The influence of the main composition parameters, such as type of aggregate, type of binder and water/binder ratio, as well as the influence of cracking, are also analysed. Finally, the current knowledge of SLWAC’s service life prediction is assessed. Although the knowledge of SLWAC’s durability behaviour is still limited, investigation works performed either in laboratory or in real environments indicate that SLWAC can have similar to better durability performance than normal weight concrete, especially when the same strength level is considered. The importance of the quality of the paste over the characteristics of the lightweight aggregates is highlighted. Durability standardization regarding SLWAC is still insufficient and is one of the main gaps of current knowledge. The objective of this review is to foster a better understanding on the durability and service life prediction of SLWAC, contributing to a greater confidence in using this type of concrete.

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“…This kind of erosion can be divided into two types, one is the diffusion of ions, the other is the combination of ions (Song et al, 2008;Medeiros et al, 2009). As we all know, there are many reasons for the damage of reinforced concrete structure, such as corrosion and expansion of reinforcement, resulting in concrete cracking and damage (Sofia and Alexandre, 2018;Wang et al, 2020b), loss of setting the strength of the concrete itself (Neville, 2004), mechanical wear of concrete structure surface (Fiorio, 2005), etc. In the marine environment, corrosion of reinforcement is mainly caused by the diffusion of chloride ions, while the loss of concrete strength is mainly caused by the chemical reaction of sulfate ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Transport of Sulfate and Chloride Ions With Adsorption Effect: A Numerical Analysis

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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In the marine environment, reinforced concrete will suffer from chloride ion erosion and sulfate ion erosion at the same time. However, most scholars only study the interaction mechanism between chloride ion and sulfate ion, and the consideration of physical adsorption and chemical combination caused by hydration products is not perfect. Based on the law of conservation of mass, this study integrates the relationship between porosity and hydration time, the weakening of chemical binding of sulfate ions to chloride ions into the mathematical model, establishes the coupling transport model of sulfate and chloride, and verifies the rationality of the model by comparing with the measured data. And then, the physical adsorption and chemical binding of chloride ions under the action of sulfate ions were quantitatively analyzed. It is found that chemical binding is dominant and sulfate ion will reduce the chemical binding effect of chloride ion. With the decrease of the initial water/cement ratio, the diffusion depth of free chloride ion will also decrease.

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Chloride ingress into structural lightweight aggregate concrete in real marine environment

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Green and Durable Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: The Role of Waste and Recycled Materials

Green and Durable Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: The Role of Waste and Recycled Materials

A Review on the Carbonation and Chloride Penetration Resistance of Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

Coupled Transport of Sulfate and Chloride Ions With Adsorption Effect: A Numerical Analysis

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