Chloride in Soils and its Uptake and Movement within the Plant: A Review

White, Philip J.

doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1540

Cited by 566 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…The Na/Cl ratio in throughfalls varies from 0.07 to 0.65 (Table 3). This indicates that Cl is partly cycled through the vegetation at the rainy season scale, which is consistent with the nutrient status of Cl for plants (see review of (White and Broadley, 2001)). To avoid this effect of seasonal Cl cycling, the CMB was carried out on a pluriannual scale from 1994 to 1997, over three hydrological years.…”

Section: Elemental Mass Transfer Profiles Within the Topsoilsupporting

confidence: 74%

Elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate in a Central African lateritic terrain (Nsimi, South Cameroon)

Braun

Maréchal

Riotte

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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International audienceThe comparison between contemporary and long-term weathering has been carried out in the Small Experimental Watershed (SEW) of Nsimi, South Cameroon in order to quantify the export fluxes of major and trace elements and the residence time of the lateritic weathering cover. We focus on the hillside system composed of a thick lateritic weathering cover topped by a soil layer. This study is built on the recent improvements of the hillside hydrological functioning and on the analyses of major and trace elements. The mass balance calculation at the weathering horizon scale performed with the parent rock as reference indicates (i) strong depletion profiles for alkalis (Na, K, Rb) and alkaline earths (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), (ii) moderate depletion profiles for Si, P, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co, (iii) depletion/enrichment profiles for Al, Ga, Ge, Sn, Pb, LREE, HREE, Y, U, Fe, V, Cr, Mn. It is noteworthy that (i) Mn and Ce are not significantly redistributed according to oxidative processes as it is the case for Fe, V and Cr, and (ii) Ge is fractionated compared to silica with enrichment in Fe-rich horizons. The calculations performed for the topsoil with iron crust as parent material reference reveal that the degradation of the iron crust is accompanied by the loss of most of the constituting elements, among which are those specifically accumulated as the redox sensitive elements (Fe, V, Cr) and iron oxide related elements like Th. The overall current elemental fluxes from the hillside system at the springs and the seepage zones are extremely low due to the inert lateritic mineralogy. 94% of the whole Na flux generated from the hillside corrected from atmospheric deposits (77 mol/ha/yr) represents the current weathering rates of plagioclase (oligoclase) in the system, the other remaining 6% may be attributed to the dissolution of hornblende. The silica hillside flux is 300 mol/ha/yr and can be mostly attributed to the plagioclase and kaolinite dissolution. Al and Ga are exported from the lateritic regolith and maybe due to the dissolution of kaolinite crystals. Compared to the other immobile elements (Zr, Hf, Nb and Th), Ti is significantly exported. Among redox-sensitive elements (Fe, V, Cr, Mn, Ce), only Ce and Mn are exported out of the hillside system. The other elements (Fe, V, Cr) are likely able to be mobilized but over a short distance only. Rb , Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, Zn are affected by export processes. LREE and Y are exported but in very low amounts (in the range from µmol/ha/yr to mmol/ha/yr) while HREE and U are exported in negligible quantities. A first attempt is carried out to compare the mature ridge top profile from Nsimi SEW with the immature ridge top weathering profile from the Mule Hole SEW (South India), developed on similar granodioritic basement, in order to get deeper insight into (i) the contemporary saprolite production rates and (ii) the combined effect of precipitation (in terms of Mean Annual Rainfall, MAR) and evapotranspiration on the aggressiveness of the draining solutions. Consider...

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Section: Elemental Mass Transfer Profiles Within the Topsoilsupporting

confidence: 74%

Elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate in a Central African lateritic terrain (Nsimi, South Cameroon)

Braun

Maréchal

Riotte

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Cl inorg enters the soil primarily through atmospheric deposition and litterfall. Aqueous soil Cl inorg is subject to uptake by plants via the root system and translocation within the plant tissues (White and Broadley, 2001). In addition to contributing Cl inorg to the soil, litterfall may represent a substantial source of Cl org to soil systems (Ö berg and Grøn, 1998;Ö berg et al, 2005); various individual Cl org compounds have been isolated from the tissues of higher plants (Engvild, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray spectromicroscopic investigation of natural organochlorine distribution in weathering plant material

Leri

Marcus

Myneni

2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…However, toxic symptoms appear when the chloride content in the leaves achieves 0.3 to 1.0% on dry weight, and sensitivity depends on crop. As presented by Xu et al (2000) and White and Broadley (2001) the critical concentration for chloride toxicity is estimated to be 4-7 mg/L for Cl -sensitive and 15 -50 mg/L for Cl -tolerant species. Chloride transport and exclusion from shoots is correlated with salt tolerance in many species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is important for photosynthesis -acts as co-factor (Hajrasuliha 1980), it is involved in the opening and closing of stomata and plays some important role in osmotic adjustment and plant disease suppression (Slabu et al 2009). It is also important for enzyme activity regulation in the cytoplasm, acts as a counter anion to stabilize membrane potential, and is involved in turgor and pH regulation (Xu et al 2000;White and Broadley 2001). Chlorine deficiency evokes chlorosis and necrosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, dissolved chlorine dissociated into hypochlorite and hypochlorous ions, which penetrate cell membrane, may result in the formation of genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DPBs) (Sapone et al 2016) and are also associated with adverse reproductive outcomes (Nieuwenhuijsen et al 2000). As described by White and Broadley (2001), chlorine occurs in the soil predominantly as a Cl -anion, which does not form complexes readily, and is repelled from predominantly negatively charged mineral surfaces of many soil particles. This fact changes Cl soil and the consequence of its slight adsorption to soil components is not chemically altered by soil organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant stress activated by chlorine from disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite

Fargašová¹

2017

Nova Biotechnologica Et Chimica

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In this study, the phytotoxicity of disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite was determined. For our tests two commercial products, Savo and Dom Amor, as well as 10% NaClO solution were used. While Savo contained only NaClO, Dom Amor contained NaClO and earthworm enzymes. Products on the base of NaClO are used in households for cleaning and disinfection of floors, furniture, sanitary and kitchen equipment. Savo may be used for the disinfection of drinking waters as well. Products with NaClO are also used for bacteria, algae and pathogens reduction in irrigation waters. As a subject, young seedlings of mustard Sinapis alba L. were used for the study of chronic toxicity. The observed parameters of the inhibition of roots and shoots growth, dry (DM) and fresh (FM) mass as well as photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) and water content in the plants were determined. The results point out that Dom Amor was the most toxic for S. alba seedlings growth and the rank order of the FAC contents for both plant parts was arranged as: Dom Amor > Savo > NaClO. All disinfectants reduced the DM and FM of roots; however, they stimulated biomass production in the shoots. On the basis of the obtained results it could be concluded, that disinfectants stimulated photosynthetic pigments production and reduced water content mainly in the roots. Dom Amor did not significantly reduced the water content in the shoots and for this parameter the following rank orders of inhibition for roots and shoots could be arranged as NaClO > Dom Amor > Savo and NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor, respectively. All commercial products increased chlorophyll a (Chla) and the carotenoids (Car) content in the shoots. As significant increase was confirmed first for Chla whose content in the presence of NaClO at concentration 24 mL/L overextended that in the control by 3.5 times. The rank orders of stimulation for Chla and Car were NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor and Dom Amor > NaClO > Savo, respectively.

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Chloride in Soils and its Uptake and Movement within the Plant: A Review

Cited by 566 publications

References 191 publications

Elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate in a Central African lateritic terrain (Nsimi, South Cameroon)

Elemental weathering fluxes and saprolite production rate in a Central African lateritic terrain (Nsimi, South Cameroon)

X-ray spectromicroscopic investigation of natural organochlorine distribution in weathering plant material

Plant stress activated by chlorine from disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite

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