Chloramphenicol

Bartlett, John G.

doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31444-4

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Selection of non-target species for host range testing was made based on phylogenetic relationships amongst species within the family Fulgoridae and their representation in the southwestern U.S. Five native fulgorid genera in California and Arizona, Amcyle spp., Cyrpoptus spp., Poblicia spp., Scaralina spp. (described incorrectly as genus Alphina spp Stål, Yanega et al unpublished), and Scolopsella spp (37). were targeted for field collections and use in host range tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proactive classical biological control of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in California (U.S.): Host range testing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)

et al. 2023

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Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), the spotted lanternfly, native to China, invaded and established in the northeast U.S. in 2014. Since this time, populations have grown and spread rapidly, and invasion bridgeheads have been detected in mid-western states (i.e., Indiana in 2021). This invasive pest presents a significant threat to Californian agriculture. Therefore, a proactive classical biological control program using Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), a L. delicatula egg parasitoid native to China, was initiated in anticipation of eventual establishment of L. delicatula in California. In support of this proactive approach, the potential host range of A. orientalis was investigated. Eggs of 34 insect species either native or non-native to the southwestern U.S. were assessed for suitability for parasitism and development of A. orientalis. Of the native species tested, 10, 13, and one were Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Mantodea, respectively. Of the non-native species, eight Hemiptera and two Lepidoptera were evaluated. Host range tests conducted in a quarantine facility, exposed individually mated A. orientalis females (Haplotype C) to non-target and target (i.e., L. delicatula) eggs in sequential no-choice and static choice experiments to determine suitability for parasitization and development. Additionally, the sex ratio, fertility, and size of offspring obtained from non-target and target eggs were evaluated. Results of host range testing indicated that A. orientalis is likely polyphagous and can successfully parasitize and develop in host species belonging to at least two different orders (i.e., Hemiptera, Lepidoptera) and seven families (Coreidae, Erebidae, Fulgoridae, Lasiocampidae, Pentatomidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae). Prospects for use of A. orientalis as a classical biological control agent of L. delicatula in the southwestern U.S. are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proactive classical biological control of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in California (U.S.): Host range testing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)

et al. 2023

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“…In Britain chloramphenicol is recommended for use only in cases of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and typhoid fever. This is because of its ability to cause a non‐dose‐dependent, usually irreversible, aplastic anaemia, which occurs once every 25,000 to 40,000 courses of oral chloramphenicol 1 . Hospice usage of chloramphenicol clearly falls outside these indications and therefore can only be justified if hospice patients have special requirements which this drug shows some advantage in meeting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chloramphenicol in a hospice

Sykes

1989

Int J Clinical Practice

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Chloramphenicol has been the antibiotic of first choice at St Christopher's Hospice for over 20 years. Its use has been justified on the grounds of efficacy and tolerability in a patient group with a short prognosis in whom good symptom control is the priority. The sensitivities of hospice bacterial cultures to chloramphenicol and other antibiotics were recorded and were compared with the chloramphenicol sensitivities of cultures obtained from a series of hospital patients in the same area. Assessment of the occurrence of side effects attributed to chloramphenicol was made from hospice casenotes. Chloramphenicol was widely effective, but there was some evidence of the emergence of resistant strains, particularly of coliforms. Side effects were encountered less frequently than might have been expected from the use of popular alternative oral antibiotic drugs.

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“…Dinos et al (2016) dan Susatyo (2016) melaporkan bahwa kloramfenikol diketahui sangat efektif dalam pengobatan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh S. thypi. Mekanisme kerja kloramfenikol pada target 50S sub-unit dari 70S ribosom bakteri dan menghambat formasi ikatan peptida dengan menekan aktivitas peptida transferase (Bartlett, 1982). Pada bakteri P. aeruginosa, kloramfenikol tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.…”

Section: Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Isolat Kapang Endofit Terpilihunclassified

Aktivitas Antibakteri Kapang Endofit dari Tangkai Daun Tanaman Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica)

Bahri

Amelia

Ningrum

et al. 2022

Al-Kauniyah J. Biol.

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AbstrakKapang endofit telah banyak ditemukan pada berbagai jaringan tanaman. Pemanfaatan kapang endofit dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi eksploitasi tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan kapang endofit pada tangkai daun tanaman Kayu Jawa Lannea coromandelica dan potensinya sebagai agen antibakteri. Isolasi dilakukan dari tangkai tanaman Kayu Jawa dan isolat yang berhasil diperoleh dikarakterisasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Uji penapisan pada semua isolat dengan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa untuk mendapatkan isolat yang berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri. Ekstraksi isolat terpilih dilakukan dengan pelarut metanol (MeOH) dan pelarut etil asetat (EtOAc). Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan tiga bakteri uji, yaitu Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Salmonella typhi. Hasil penelitian terdapat enam isolat yang berada di jaringan tangkai daun tanaman Kayu Jawa, yaitu PLC.1.A, PLC.1.B, PLC.2, PLC.3, PLC.4, dan PLC.5. Hasil uji penapisan menunjukkan isolat PLC.4 yang menjadi kandidat antibakteri pada penelitian ini. Fraksi MeOH memiliki aktivitas antibakteri lebih tinggi dibanding fraksi EtOAc pada semua bakteri uji dan kontrol positif (kloramfenikol) pada bakteri P. aeruginosa. Ekstrak MeOH isolat PLC.4 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antibiotik baru.Abstract Endophytic fungi have been found in various plant tissues. The utilization of endophytic fungi can be a solution to reduce the exploitation of plants that are potential sources of bioactive compounds. This study aims to determine the presence of endophytic fungi on the petiole tissue of Kayu Jawa plants (Lannea coromandelica) and their potential as an antibacterial agent. Isolation and characterization of isolates was conducted macro- and microscopically. Screening test is carried out on the isolates against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria to obtain isolate that has the potential as an antibacterial agent. The extraction of selected isolates was carried out using methanol (MeOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) solvents. Antibacterial examination used three test bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi. The results showed that six isolates were found in the petiole tissue of L. coromandelica, namely, PLC.1.A, PLC.1.B, PLC.2, PLC.3, PLC.4, and PLC.5. Screening result showed that PLC.4 isolate was a candidate for antibacterial agent in this study. The MeOH fraction had higher antibacterial activity than the EtOAc fraction in all tested bacteria and from positive control (chloramphenicol) on P. aeruginosa bacteria. In conclusion, the MeOH extract of PLC.4 isolate has antibacterial activity potential as a source of new antibiotics.

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Chloramphenicol

Cited by 20 publications

References 92 publications

Proactive classical biological control of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in California (U.S.): Host range testing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)

Proactive classical biological control of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in California (U.S.): Host range testing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)

Use of chloramphenicol in a hospice

Aktivitas Antibakteri Kapang Endofit dari Tangkai Daun Tanaman Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica)

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