Tempe is an Indonesia traditional food, which in the manufacturers have a liquid waste that no use again namely soybean soaking water. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) has been known at every stage of tempeh production, included at soaking soybeans. This study aimed to isolate and characterize LAB contained in soybean soaking water liquid waste. After serial dilution to 10-7, soybean soaking water liquid waste was inoculated on the MRSA contained 1% CaCO3. After incubation, there are 8 isolates which produce clear zone around their colonies with different colony morphology suspected as LAB. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were employed to identify LAB. All isolates were non-spore forming, non-motile, catalase negative, grow well at 37° and 45°C, could be able to grow in the presence of 4% and 6.5% sodium chloride. The results of safety test showed all isolates negative for hemolytic activity. Seven of eight isolates are Gram-positive, while one is a Gram-negative. But only Grampositive were chosen as they represent the LAB characteristic. Seven isolates were identified as Lactobacillus with heterofermentative as the type fermentation. In this study, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 used as reference strain
Vobtusine is an aspidosperma-aspidosperma alkaloid isolated from alkaloid DCM base fraction of the bark of Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe (Apocynaceae). In this study, the effect of vobtusine on the cell cycle, apoptosis induction, and Bcl-2 family protein expression were investigated by flow cytometr, DNA fragmentation analysis, and western blotting, respectively. The results of cell cycle analysis indicated the ratio of the number of cells in each phase did not have significant differences depend on vobtusine concentration although cell number in G1 phase had tendency to decrease according to the increasing of vobtusine concentration. Besides, the sub-G1 phase population of HL-60 cells treated with vobtusine was increased compared with that of cells without treatments (5.9%-23.8%). DNA fragmentation was observed from 20 µM, and the degree of fragmentation was dependent on vobtusine concentration. Caspase-3 activity increased 4.6 times compared to control. After being treated with caspase-9 inhibitor, vobtusine-induced elevation of caspase-3 activity decreased. This shows that caspase-3 activity depends on caspase-9. Vobtusine was also induced apoptotic cell death involved a mitochondrial by Bid activation and Bcl-xL downregulation. Therefore, vobtsusine-induced apoptosis process was initiated by caspase-9 via change of Bcl-2 family protein expression and executed by caspase-3, followed by cell death due to their proteolytic activity. These results indicated the mechanism action of vobtusine as anti-cancer compound via intrinsic pathway.
Graphic abstract
Two new bisindole alkaloids, bisnaecarpamines A (
1
) and B (
2
), possessing a vobasine-sarpagine type skeleton were isolated from the bark of
Tabernaemontana macrocarpa
Jack. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical correlation. The absolute configurations of compounds
1
and
2
were established using TDDFT-ECD calculation of the selected isomers. Bisnaecarpamine A exhibited potent antimalarial activity against
Plasmodium falciparum
3D7 strain with IC
50
value of 28.8 µM.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11418-021-01510-4.
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