Chlamydia trachomatis persistence: An update

Mpiga, Philomène; Ravaoarinoro, M.

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2005.04.004

Cited by 103 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Despite appropriate drug therapy, chlamydial infections are highly likely to recur. The majority of clinical failures are due to reinfection or relapse following phenotype deviation of the bacteria to persistent, non-replicating types that are antibiotic resistant but can revert to the typical reticulate body phenotype once treatment is complete (2,3). Currently, the recommended first-line therapeutic regimen for chlamydial infections is the administration of tetracyclines and macrolides, which impede bacterial translation by binding to 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, respectively (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in 23S ribosomal RNA mutations between wild-type and mutant macrolide-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis isolates

Jiang

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of wild-type and mutant clinical isolates of Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis strains to erythromycin, azithromycin and josamycin, and to identify the resistance-conferring 23S ribosomal (r)RNA mutations in the isolates. The wild-type resistant isolates were defined as those with minimum inhibitory concentration values above the tissue concentration of the antibiotic in the urogenital system. Furthermore, all resistant C. trachomatis isolates were exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of macrolides, and 13 resistant mutants were selected following serial passages. Among the 8 wild-type isolates that were resistant to erythromycin, 3 isolates had a mutation at T2611C in the 23S rRNA gene while the others did not show any 23S rRNA mutations. The selected mutant isolates showed a 4-to 16-fold reduction in in vitro sensitivities. With regard to the mutant strains, the T2611C mutation was found in 10 isolates, A2057G mutation in 6 isolates, and A2059G mutation in 1 isolate. Thus, the macrolide-resistant isolates of the wild-type strain had different mutations from those selected by exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of macrolides. Also, since 23S rRNA mutations were not identified in certain isolates, it was considered that other molecular mechanisms may also be responsible for the macrolide resistance of C. trachomatis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in 23S ribosomal RNA mutations between wild-type and mutant macrolide-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis isolates

Jiang

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Even life-threatening situations have been reported in humans who became infected with zoonotic chlamydiae, such as C. psittaci originating from birds or C. abortus from small ruminants [9,12,28,54,55]. Secondly, chlamydial organisms are reported to persist and cause recurrent infections or re-activation of latent infections [7,11,25,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinically silent respiratory infection withChlamydophilaspp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation

et al. 2007

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-This study was aimed at evaluating functional and inflammatory consequences of persistent chlamydial infections on the respiratory system in clinically inconspicuous calves aged 2-7 months. Thirteen calves persistently infected with Chlamydophila (C.) abortus and/or C. pecorum (Chl+) were compared to 12 calves without chlamydial infections (Chl-). In order to evaluate lung function, 36 non-invasive impulse oscillometry tests were performed per animal within 6 months. The group of chronically infected animals was distinguished by significantly higher peripheral airway resistance (indicating peripheral airway obstruction), significantly higher respiratory rates, and significantly higher minute volumes of ventilation. At the age of seven months, all calves were necropsied, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained ex vivo, and lungs were examined histologically. Significantly higher concentrations of total protein and 8-iso-prostane (8-IP), as well as higher activities of matrix metalloprotease 2 were measured in BALF samples of Chl+ calves. Histologically, markedly activated bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) causing partial obstruction of bronchiolar lumina was found in the apical pulmonary lobes of Chl+ calves. Chlamydial DNA was detected in the lung tissue of 7 out of 13 Chl+ calves by real-time PCR. In conclusion, respiratory chlamydial infection appeared to be associated with chronic inflammation of the lungs and airways. Despite the lack of clinical symptoms, pulmonary dysfunctions persisted in calves until the age of seven months. Data obtained in this study provide new insight illustrating the impact of nearly ubiquitous subclinical infections on the respiratory system. Chlamydia / Chlamydophila infection / airway obstruction / pulmonary inflammation / calves

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“…C hlamydia are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of human diseases worldwide, ranging from ocular inflammation to pneumonia to sexually transmitted diseases (1). Because of insufficient understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of pathogenesis or host protective response to chlamydial infection, an effective human vaccine is not available at the present time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NK Cells Promote Type 1 T Cell Immunity through Modulating the Function of Dendritic Cells during Intracellular Bacterial Infection

Jiao

Gao

Joyee

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in establishing protective adaptive immunity in intracellular bacterial infections, but the cells influencing DC function in vivo remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of NK cells in modulating the function of DC using a murine Chlamydia infection model. We found that the NK cell-depleted mice showed exacerbated disease after respiratory tract Chlamydia muridarum infection, which was correlated with altered T cell cytokine profile. Furthermore, DC from C. muridarum-infected NK-depleted mice (NK−DC) exhibited a less mature phenotype compared with that of DC from the infected mice without NK depletion (NK+DC). NK−DC produced significantly lower levels of both IL-12 and IL-10 than those of NK+DC. Moreover, NK−DC showed reduced ability to direct primary and established Ag-specific Th1 CD4+ T cell responses in DC–T coculture systems. More importantly, adoptive transfer of NK−DC, in contrast to NK+DC, failed to induce type 1 protective immunity in recipients after challenge infection. Finally, NK cells showed strong direct enhancing effect on IL-12 production by DC in an NK–DC coculture system, which was partially reduced by blocking NKG2D receptors signaling and virtually abolished by neutralizing IFN-γ activity. The data demonstrate a critical role of NK cells in modulating DC function in an intracellular bacterial infection.

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Chlamydia trachomatis persistence: An update

Cited by 103 publications

References 65 publications

Differences in 23S ribosomal RNA mutations between wild-type and mutant macrolide-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis isolates

Differences in 23S ribosomal RNA mutations between wild-type and mutant macrolide-resistant Chlamydia trachomatis isolates

A clinically silent respiratory infection withChlamydophilaspp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation

NK Cells Promote Type 1 T Cell Immunity through Modulating the Function of Dendritic Cells during Intracellular Bacterial Infection

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