Chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori and cytomegalovirus infections and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in young women

Bloemenkamp, Daisy G.M; Mali, Wptm; Tanis, Bea C.; Rosendaal, Frits R.; Bosch, M.A.A.J. van der; Kemmeren, Jeanet M.; Algra, A.; Ossewaarde, J.; Visseren, Frank L J; Loon, Anton M. van; Graaf, Y. van der

doi:10.1016/s1567-5688(01)80176-8

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Pathogen burden, rather than individual pathogens, has been postulated as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and, indeed, several studies support its relationship with clinical coronary artery disease or death [15], carotid atherosclerosis progression [13], poor prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease [30], ischemic stroke [31], peripheral arterial disease [32], and endothelial dysfunction [33]. Yet, even after adjustment for multiple potential confounders, and in agreement with some other studies [34–36], we could not observe an association of pathogen burden with proven markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual pathogens, pathogen burden and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Szklo

Ding

Tsai

et al. 2009

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

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We examined the cross-sectional relationships of subclinical atherosclerosis – expressed by carotid intimal–medial thickness and coronary calcification – with antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis A virus, and pathogen burden (number of positive pathogens). A random sample of 1056 individuals chosen from 5030 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort participants were included. After multiple adjustment, no associations were found between atherosclerosis measures and either individual pathogens or pathogen burden. Interactions with inflammatory and endothelial function markers, demographic factors, BMI, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes, and smoking were also explored. The only interaction that was large, qualitative, statistically significant (P < 0.05) and in the expected direction was that between hepatitis A virus and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 with regard to Agatston calcium score: the difference between hepatitis A virus-positive and hepatitis A virus-negative participants was −86 units in participants with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 below the median, and +162 units in those with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 equal or above the median. However, given the number of interactions that were explored, these results must be interpreted cautiously. Findings from the present analyses do not provide support for an infectious etiology for subclinical atherosclerosis. However, the study’s limitations, which include its cross-sectional design and insufficient statistical power, suggest that inferences from its findings should be made cautiously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual pathogens, pathogen burden and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Szklo

Ding

Tsai

et al. 2009

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

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“…The most compelling evidence comes from seroepidemiological studies of 3 pathogens: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Cytomegalovirus. To examine the relations between infection, inflammation, and occurrence of PAD, Bloemenkamp et al, 54 in a multicenter, population-based, case-control study, measured IgG antibody titers and CRP levels in 228 young women affected by PAD and 643 control women. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios for PAD women with serological evidence of infection with C pneumoniae, H pylori, and Cytomegalovirus were 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.2), and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3), respectively.…”

Section: Infection and Pad Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease

et al. 2010

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“…However, the available data are not entirely consistent. Some studies showed a significant association between CMV infection and atherosclerosis/CAD (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), while some others did not (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Ji et al conducted an aggregate data metaanalysis involving 9,000 patients with CAD and 8,608 controls from a total of 55 studies, and concluded that CMV infection was associated with an increased risk of CAD (24).…”

Section: Cytomegalovirus Infection and Coronary Artery Disease: A Sinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus Infection and Coronary Artery Disease: A Single-Center Serological Study in Northwestern Iran

Khameneh¹,

Rostamzadeh²,

Nemati³

et al. 2016

Int Cardiovasc Res J

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Chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori and cytomegalovirus infections and the risk of peripheral arterial disease in young women

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Individual pathogens, pathogen burden and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Individual pathogens, pathogen burden and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease

Cytomegalovirus Infection and Coronary Artery Disease: A Single-Center Serological Study in Northwestern Iran

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