Chlamydia-Induced Bilateral Ectropion of the Inferior Eyelids in Pigeons

Bougiouklis, P.; Παπαϊωάννου, Νικόλαος; Georgopoulou, I.; Iordanidis, P.; Vlemmas, I.; Lekkas, S.; Siarkou, Victoria I.

doi:10.2307/1592552

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Our finding is consistent with a number of recent reports describing the presence of the family Chlamydiaceae , which may also cause clinical manifestations of ocular disease in a variety of animal species including pigeons, koala, cats, guinea pigs and sheep (Bougiouklis et al., 2000; Devereaux et al., 2003; Lutz‐Wohlgroth et al., 2006; Sjdahl‐Essén et al., 2008; Polkinghorne et al., 2009; Lenzko et al., 2011), which suggests that the host range of this animal pathogen is greater than that previously thought.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence ofChlamydophila psittaciInfections in the Eyes of Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats in Contact with a Human Population

Osman

Ali

El-Jakee

et al. 2012

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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This work is an example of cooperation between veterinary and human medicine being fully complementary and at the same time, indispensable to improve our knowledge on animal chlamydiosis. This study investigated the existence of ocular chlamydiae and determined the prevalence of its presence, chlamydiosis, in asymptomatic and diseased farm animals and adjacent humans. Data were obtained by the omp2 gene family Chlamydiaceae-specific PCR. Two hundred cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats and 44 human specimens were also examined. Conjunctival swabs from both the eyes were collected from all animals and humans using cotton swabs. Samples were tested for chlamydiae by Vero cells tissue culture, chicken embryo, modified Gimenez staining, direct fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody staining (FA), immunoperoxidase, CFT and PCR. The PCR-RFLP revealed that Chlamydophila psittaci demonstrated in the conjunctival samples of cattle (68% asymptomatic and 88% diseased), of buffalo (68% asymptomatic and 72% diseased), of sheep (68% asymptomatic and 80% diseased), of goat (76% asymptomatic and 92% diseased) and of humans (77% asymptomatic and 82% diseased). The Cp. psittaci was the only chlamydiae demonstrated in all of the ocular conjunctival samples, which confirms the prevalence of Cp. psittaci in this population of animals and adjacent humans. Statistically, the animal species factor was calculated and was found to be of no significance. Yet, there appeared to be a significant difference in the percentage of animal that tested positive using the different methods. Detection of Cp. psittaci in most samples confirms the prevalence of Cp. psittaci in this population of animals and adjacent humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence ofChlamydophila psittaciInfections in the Eyes of Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats in Contact with a Human Population

Osman

Ali

El-Jakee

et al. 2012

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…The change from the stage of infection to overt disease is thought to be due to exogenous factors such as poor husbandry or climatic conditions. Endogenous factors include the beginning of sexual maturity and concurrent infections by various agents (Meyer, 1952;Sadowski & Minta, 1979;Schmeer et al, 1984;Bougiouklis et al, 2000). This view is merely based on observations and anecdotal evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian host range of Chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology

2003

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Published reports and our own diagnostic data on the avian host range of avian Chlamydophila spp. are presented in an attempt to provide evidence for the large number of bird species that have been naturally infected with chlamydia. The term 'chlamydia-positive' is based on either isolation of the organism and antigen detection or on serological detection of circulating antibodies. The list of chlamydia-positive birds contains the six major domestic species (chicken, turkey, Pekin duck, Muscovy duck, goose, and pigeon), the three minor domestic species (Japanese quail, bobwhite quail, and peafowl) and a total of 460 free-living or pet bird species in 30 orders. The order Psittaciformes contains by far the most (153 of 342; 45%) chlamydia-positive bird species. More than 20% of all species per order are positive for chlamydia in the orders Lariformes (gulls, 26 of 92 species; 28%), Alciformes (alks, six of 23 species; 26%), Sphenisciformes (penguins, four of 16 species; 25%), and Anseriformes (ducks and geese, 33 of 157 species; 21%). Only 5% of all bird species (14 of 259 species) in the order Phasianiformes (gallinaceus birds) are chlamydia-positive. The different percentages of chlamydia-positive bird species reflect: (i) a high rate of investigations (e.g. of domestic birds) compared with infrequent testing (e.g. of Charadriiformes or Cuculiformes), (ii) frequent zoonotic implications (e.g. psittacine and columbiform birds), and (iii) an assumed high susceptibility to infection and subsequent seroconversion (e.g. waterfowl).

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“…C psittaci is shed from birds with an active infection, but carrier birds may have a latent infection, with shedding at times of stress. In particular, the onset of sexual maturity (Bougiouklis and others 2000), transport, trauma and concurrent disease are known to increase the likelihood of shedding. This short communication describes a study to determine the prevalence by PCR of C psittaci in avian casualties submitted to a wildlife centre in the UK.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci ‐positive cloacal PCR tests in wild avian casualties in the UK

Sharples¹

2009

Veterinary Record

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Chlamydia-Induced Bilateral Ectropion of the Inferior Eyelids in Pigeons

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence ofChlamydophila psittaciInfections in the Eyes of Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats in Contact with a Human Population

Prevalence ofChlamydophila psittaciInfections in the Eyes of Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep and Goats in Contact with a Human Population

Avian host range of Chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology

Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci ‐positive cloacal PCR tests in wild avian casualties in the UK

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