Chitosan primes plant defence mechanisms againstBotrytis cinerea, including expression of Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly-elicited genes

Abstract

Current crop protection strategies against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea rely on a combination of conventional fungicides and host genetic resistance. However, due to pathogen evolution and legislation in the use of fungicides, these strategies are not sufficient to protect plants against this pathogen. Defence elicitors can stimulate plant defence mechanisms through a phenomenon known as priming. Priming results in a faster and/or stronger expression of resistance upon pathogen recognition by the host. This work aims to study priming of a commercial formulation of the elicitor chitosan. Treatments with chitosan result in induced resistance in solanaceous and brassicaceous plants. In tomato plants, enhanced resistance has been linked with priming of callose deposition and accumulation of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA). Large-scale transcriptomic analysis revealed that chitosan primes gene expression at early time-points after infection. In addition, two novel tomato genes with a characteristic priming profile were identified, Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly-elicited protein 75 (ACRE75) and 180 (ACRE180). Transient and stable overexpression of ACRE75, ACRE180 and their Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, revealed that they are positive regulators of plant resistance against B. cinerea. This provides valuable information in the search for strategies to protect Solanaceae plants against B. cinerea.

Effects of chitin and chitosan on root growth, biochemical defense response and exudate proteome ofCannabis sativa

“…Overall, transcript levels of defense genes tended to increase in root tissues of chitosan-treated samples, but the increases were not significantly different from control. It could be because gene expression processes take place at the early stage once the plant was initially exposed to chitosan and decline over time (Lopez-Moya et al ., 2017; De Vega et al ., 2021) and our analysis was performed after the peak period of transcriptome changes had passed. Despite statistically insignificant differences, chitosan-induced gene expressions of PR protein 1, endochitinase 2 and PR protein R major form-like were likely to be dose dependent since positive linear relationships were observed from the plots between qPCR relative fold changes and chitosan concentrations (Supplementary Fig.…”

“…For example, treating tomato fruits with chitin suspensions enhanced the gene expressions and protein productions of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and chitinase enzymes, reducing grey mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea (Sun et al ., 2018). Priming tomato leaves with chitosan solution stimulated callose deposition on plant cell wall and accumulation of defense hormones, leading to a reduction of leaf lesions caused by the same fungal pathogen (De Vega et al ., 2021). However, most of those discoveries have been made in foliar parts of the plant due to ease of treatment and subsequent sampling.…”

Early morpho-physiological response of oilseed rape under seed applied Sedaxane fungicide and Rhizoctonia solani pressure

“…Priming is known to activate systemic defense responses only when the plant is challenged by a pathogen or is exposed to abiotic stress (Aranega-Bou et al, 2014). Since natural or synthetic chemicals and infection by pathogens can induce priming effects in plants (Aguado et al, 2019;Westman et al, 2019;De Vega et al, 2021), we hypothesize that the greater positive effect observed with the use of Sedaxane alone, and to a greater extent when in combination with Fludioxonil and Metalaxil-M and in the presence of R. solani could be ascribed to a plant response related to priming. While this hypothesis requires further investigation to clarify the possible involved mechanisms, Sedaxane in combination with Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M can be agronomically exploited in a dicot species such as oilseed rape to control Rhizoctonia.…”

Pengaruh kombinasi kitosan soluble liquid dan pestisida sintetik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai keriting di Nganjuk

“…Sebagai agen biokontrol, kitosan memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya adalah biodegrabilitas, non-toksik, biokompatibilitas, dan memiliki efek fungisidal (Barikani et al, 2014;Maluin et al, 2019). Kitosan memiliki keunggulan lain yang tidak dimiliki oleh agen biokontrol lainnya, yaitu memiliki potensi untuk menginduksi resistensi tanaman (Liu et al, 2019a;De Vega et al, 2021) dan meningkatkan keanekaragaman mikroba di rizhosfer (Park & Chang, 2012).…”