Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals and grape pomace extracts

Abstract

Chitosan nanocomposite films incorporating grape pomace extract (GPE), either Cabernet Franc (CF; a red variety) or Viognier (a white variety), and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were prepared using a solvent casting method. Mechanical properties, water vapour permeability, color and opacity, crystalline structure, thermal properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of the films were characterized. Incorporating CNC alone significantly (P < .05) increased tensile strength of the films and decreased their percent elongation at break and water vapour permeability. Grape pomace extract had an opposite effect on mechanical properties by decreasing tensile strength but increasing percent elongation at break. Film color was mainly influenced by the presence and type of GPE. Films containing CF extract exhibited the darkest appearance with increased reddish and bluish hues. Addition of CNC significantly increased film opacity and the alignment of chitosan chains, while the effect of GPE was not significant. Thermal analysis showed that chitosan and CNC were partially miscible and that the addition of CNC did not significantly change decomposition temperature of the films. Incorporation of GPE significantly (P < .05) increase total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Films containing CF had higher DPPH• radical scavenging capacity than their counterparts with Viognier. Film incorporating both CNC and CF shows greater potential for food packaging application because of a combination of improved physical properties and high antioxidant activity.

Biodegradable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Trends and Perspectives

“…Both film types had antimicrobial activity and the grape seeds extract preserved the antioxidant activity while being loaded into the chitosan matrix [ 185 ]. Similar mechanical behavior was reported in [ 186 ] where authors obtained a composite chitosan-based film by adding cellulose nanocrystals and grape pomace extracts. Adding NC increased tensile strength and decreased elongation and WVP while the grape pomace extract had opposite effect.…”

Valorisation of grape pomace: an approach that is increasingly reaching its maturity – a review

“…New achievements in the field of active packaging, such as the incorporation of active compounds that provide specific functionalities not present in conventional systems, were recently obtained (Xu et al ., ). Active packaging refers to the process of incorporating active compounds such as antioxidants or antibacterial agents into packaging material, thus providing specific functionalities not present in conventional systems.…”

“…However, the growing concern about synthetic substances over potential health hazards makes naturally occurring compounds a preferred alternative. Following this trend, grape pomace extracts (together with cellulose nanocrystal) have been effectively incorporated into an edible film (realised using chitosan), so providing its antioxidant properties and assuring shelf life extension (Xu et al ., ).…”

Evaluation of the Mechanical, Physical, and Anti-Fungal Properties of Flax Laboratory Papersheets with the Nanoparticles Treatment

“…It should be noted that from the literature, most of the published works which chose concentrations of NPs between 1% and 3% achieved greater modifications in the required chemical and mechanical properties of chitosan and Paraloid [29,[45][46][47]. Paraloid B-72 (70 Ethyl Methacrylate (EMA)/30MA) and Chitosan were added at 4% as a constant amount when making the composite treatment.…”