Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

Abstract

Abstract:Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that is usually obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin poly(N-acetylglucosamine). It is biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, and nontoxic. These excellent biological properties make chitosan a good candidate for a platform in developing drug delivery systems having improved biodistribution, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity. In particular, chitosan nanoparticles are found to be appropriate for non-invasive routes of drug administration: oral, nasal, pulmonary and ocular routes. These applications are facilitated by the absorption-enhancing effect of chitosan. Many procedures for obtaining chitosan nanoparticles have been proposed. Particularly, the introduction of hydrophobic moieties into chitosan molecules by grafting to generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance promoting self-assembly is a current and appealing approach. The grafting agent can be a hydrophobic moiety forming micelles that can entrap lipophilic drugs or it can be the drug itself. Another suitable way to generate self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles is through the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with polyanions. This paper reviews the main approaches for preparing chitosan nanoparticles by self-assembly through both procedures, and illustrates the state of the art of their application in drug delivery.

Self-Assembled chitosan/phospholipid nanoparticles: from fundamentals to preparation for advanced drug delivery

“…The formation mechanism of SACPNs has been investigated in depth and made great progress recently (Park et al, 2004;Quiñones et al, 2018). The Langmuir monolayer technique has been used to characterize the interactions between chitosan and phospholipid at interfaces.…”

Self‐Assembled Carbohydrate Polymers for Food Applications: A Review

“…In recent years, self‐assembled materials based on Cs derivatives have been effectively used for water treatment, that is, as an adsorbent for sulfate salts and dyes (Bhatt, Ageetha, Rathod, & Padmaja, ; Huang, Sun, Wu, & Feng, ), delivery of biomolecules, such as carriers for drug, proteins, peptides, and other small molecules (Chen, Duan, Pan, Yang, & Pan, ; de Oliveira Pedro et al., ; Pereira et al., ; Qu et al., ; Quiñones et al., ; Razi, Wakabayashi, Goto, & Kamiya, ; Rengifo et al., ; Tsai, Chen, Lin, Ho, & Mi, ; Yang et al., ), bone tissue engineering (Yu, Bao, Shi, Yang, & Yang, ), and biomedical devices and cosmetics (Xue & Wilson, ). There is no doubt that self‐assembled Cs‐based compounds are very promising CPs for food applications due to their significant physical, chemical, and biological properties.…”

“…Cs is a hydrophilic polymer, which has antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Cs is a cationic CP that is generally achieved through alkaline deacetylation of chitin or, more specifically, of poly(Nacetylglucosamine) (Quiñones, Peniche, & Peniche, 2018). It is one of the most abundant natural CPs in the world, and is located after cellulose in the second place regarding distribution and industrial consumption (van den Broek, Knoop, Kappen, & Boeriu, 2015).…”

Carbohydrate‐based nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…The positively charged chitosan was co‐assembled with negatively charged compounds, to afford different types of carrier systems (Quiñones, Peniche, & Peniche, ). Co‐assembly with negatively charged polymers, proteins, and polysaccharides has been tremendously exploited for the formation of drug delivery carriers, especially employed for insulin delivery (L. Liu, Zhou, Xia, & Liu, ; Maciel, Yoshida, Pereira, Goycoolea, & Franco, ; Sung, Sonaje, Liao, Hsu, & Chuang, ; T. Wang, Hou, Su, Zhao, & Shi, ; B. Xu et al, ) (Figure ).…”