Chitosan and gelatin based edible films: state diagrams, mechanical and permeation properties

Arvanitoyannis, Ioannis S.; Nakayama, Atsuyoshi; Aiba, Sei‐ichi

doi:10.1016/s0144-8617(98)00083-6

Cited by 378 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In fact 30% glycerol produced a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) of both TS and EB% while 40% glycerol produced only a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the EB%. In other study glycerol also demonstrated the capacity to increase the TS and EB% of chitosan films [47] but in most of the studies glycerol exhibits the typical plasticizing effect (decreases TS while increases EB%) [25,48,49]. Glycerol reduces the rigidity of the bulk polymer network, originating films with increased polymer chain movements (increases EB%) probably due to the higher water content determined in the water sorption measurements (see below) in comparison with the films without glycerol.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Further, two well known plasticizers, namely, glycerol, and PEG200, a moisturizing agent (Hydrovance ® ) and the additive trehalose were added to the PEC at a fixed concentration in order to study their effect on the film properties. Glycerol and PEG200 have demonstrated in earlier studies the ability to increase the flexibility of chitosan films [25,26], while Hydrovance was chosen due to the higher water sorption capacity when compared with glycerol as claimed by the manufacturer. These additives are used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations and have a broad compatibility with other raw materials [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Films based on chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for skin drug delivery: Development and characterization

Silva

Pereira

Ramalho

et al. 2008

Journal of Membrane Science

115

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a b s t r a c tNovel chitosan based polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) were developed and optimized in order to obtain films possessing the optimal functional properties (flexibility, resistance, water vapour transmission rate and bioadhesion) to be applied on skin. The development was based on the combination of chitosan and two polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymers with different crosslinkers and crosslinking densities. The interaction between the polymers was maximized controlling the pH, and by forming the films at a pH value close to the pK a of the respective components as identified by potentiometric and turbidimetric titrations. The action of glycerol, PEG200, Hydrovance and trehalose upon the functional properties of the films was also evaluated. Glycerol was found to improve the film properties in terms of flexibility, resistance and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) with a maximum effect at 30%. The application of a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) significantly improved bioadhesion with a negligible influence in the resistance and flexibility of the films.The optimized film, including adhesive, has shown very good properties for application in the skin and represents a very promising formulation for further incorporation of drugs for topical and transdermal administration.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Films based on chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for skin drug delivery: Development and characterization

Silva

Pereira

Ramalho

et al. 2008

Journal of Membrane Science

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, these films can be brittle and fragile, mainly after the neutralization process that removes residual acids from the films. Plasticizers, such as ethylene, polyethylene and propylene glycol and other polyols, has been used to improve physical and mechanical properties of chitosan films [12][13][14] . In this study, we used D-sorbitol, a biocompatible polyalcohol, as plasticizer to prepare a non-cytotoxic chitosan membrane with interesting properties for skin substitute and tissue engineering applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorbitol-Plasticized and Neutralized Chitosan Membranes as Skin Substitutes

2015

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Chitosan is soluble in diluted acid solutions and can easily form films by casting. However, residual acid neutralization should be performed for biomedical applications what may compromise physical and mechanical properties of the films. Thus, plasticizers can be added to improve these properties. The aim of this study was to characterize morphological, barrier and mechanical properties, besides evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of sorbitol-plasticized and NaOH-Na 2 CO 3 neutralized chitosan membranes for skin substitute application. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, water vapor permeability and mechanical tests were carried out to characterize the obtained membranes. Moreover, Vero cells were used for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. In this paper, we report a non-cytotoxic sorbitol-plasticized chitosan membrane with desirable properties for skin substitution, such as flexibility, water vapor permeability and high percentage of elongation.

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“…10 Gelatin has been preferentially mixed with polysaccharides for different technological applications, and this approach has been extensively studied in terms of the effect of plasticizers and cross-linkers on the film properties. 4,[12][13][14] An alternative approach to modify protein film properties is to use cross-linkers such as transglutaminase (TGase) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). EDC has the advantages of not being incorporated into the structure of the protein and not being toxic in comparison with cross-linkers such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein-based films cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC): effects of the cross-linker and film composition on the permeation rate of p-hydroxyacetanilide as a model drug

Cristiano¹,

Fayad²,

Porto³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Filmes reticulados de gelatina (Gel), caseína (Cas) e a mistura Gel/Cas (1:1, m/m) foram estudados em termos das propriedades térmicas, morfológicas e absorção de água e quanto ao perfil de permeação de p-hidroxiacetanilida (p-HAA ) como fármaco modelo. O grau de reticulação por 1-etil-3-(3-cloridrato) dimetilaminopropil carbodiimida (EDC) foi de 90,6% para filmes de Gel e cerca de 70% para filmes de Cas e misturas Gel/Cas (1:1, m/m). A total solubilidade dos filmes não-reticulados foi reduzida para somente 21 -22% após reticulação com EDC. Apesar do alto grau de reticulação, o intumescimento dos filmes de Gel (87,2%) foi praticamente o dobro do determinado para filmes de Gel/Cas (1:1, m/m) e Cas. A taxa de permeação de p-HAA seguiu a ordem Gel > Gel/Cas @ Cas para filmes reticulados, ou seja, um comportamento consistente com o maior intumescimento da Gel em relação aos outros dois sistemas estudados. Os menores valores de permeação observados para filmes de Cas e Gel/Cas, sugerem que estes sistemas podem ser utilizados para controlar a permeação de fármacos. Considerando os diferentes modelos matemáticos aplicados, os sistemas estudados não mostraram um bom ajuste relativamente a equação de primeira ordem e somente uma parcial correlação com as equações de ordem zero e do modelo de Higuchi. No entanto, uma boa correlação (r 2 > 0,99) foi obtida utilizando a equação da lei das potências (valores de n = 0,70 -0,87), indicando que a permeação de p-HAA através dos filmes foi controlada principalmente pelo mecanismo de difusão.Cross-linked films of gelatin (Gel), casein (Cas) and their (1:1, m/m) mixture (Gel/Cas) were studied in terms of their thermal, morphological and water absorption properties and the permeation profile of p-hydroxyacetanilide (p-HAA) as a model drug. The degrees of cross-linking by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were 90.6% for Gel films and approximately 70% for Cas and Gel/Cas films. The totally soluble non cross-linked films achieved only 21 -22% of solubility after cross-linking with EDC. Despite the high cross-linking degree, the swelling of Gel films (87.2%) was practically twice that determined for Gel/Cas and Cas films. The permeation rate of p-HAA followed the order Gel > Gel/Cas @ Cas for cross-linked films, which is consistent with the Gel film showing a greater swelling than the other two systems studied. Lower permeation rates were observed for Cas and Gel/Cas films, suggesting that these could be used as rate-controlling systems for drug permeation. For the different mathematical models applied, the systems studied did not show a good fit with the first-order equation and only a partial fit with the zero-order equation and Higuchi's model. However, good correlations (r 2 > 0.99) were obtained using the power law equation (n = 0.70 -0.87), indicating that the p-HAA permeation through the films was mainly controlled by a diffusion mechanism.Keywords: gelatin, casein, films, cross-linking, drug permeation Introduction Gelatin (Gel), which is obtain...

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Chitosan and gelatin based edible films: state diagrams, mechanical and permeation properties

Cited by 378 publications

References 52 publications

Films based on chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for skin drug delivery: Development and characterization

Films based on chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes for skin drug delivery: Development and characterization

Sorbitol-Plasticized and Neutralized Chitosan Membranes as Skin Substitutes

Protein-based films cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC): effects of the cross-linker and film composition on the permeation rate of p-hydroxyacetanilide as a model drug

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