Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in grapevine leaves: a possible defence against powdery mildew infection

Giannakis, C.; Bucheli, Carolyn S.; Skene, K. G. M.; Robinson, Simon P.; Scott, N. Steele

doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.1998.tb00130.x

Cited by 100 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The relatively high PR2 expression the fresh pathogen elicitor-treated cells also resulted in a significantly higher β-1,3-glucanase activity in the pathogen-treated cells at 24 h compared to cells treated with the fresh elicitor of T. atroviride. The antifungal effect of β-1,3-glucanase has been demonstrated on the grapevine powdery mildew fungus, Uncinula necator, where β-1,3-glucanase activity of leaves was correlated with resistance (Giannakis et al 1998). The same study also found a synergy between the β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzymes in limiting fungal growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Response of Vitis vinifera cell cultures to Eutypa lata and Trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates: expression of defence-related genes and phenotypes

et al. 2016

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Cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Dauphine berries were used to study the response to the vascular pathogen, Eutypa lata, in comparison with a biological control agent, Trichoderma atroviride, that was previously shown to be effective in pruning wound protection. The expression of genes coding for enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was profiled over a 48-h period using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The cell cultures responded to elicitors of both fungi with a hypersensitive-like response that lead to a decrease in cell viability. Similar genes were triggered by both the pathogen and biocontrol agent, but the timing patterns and magnitude of expression was dependent on the specific fungal elicitor. Culture filtrates of both fungi caused upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumaroyl Co-A ligase (CCo-A) and stilbene synthase (STS), and a downregulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. The pathogen filtrate caused a biphasic pattern in the upregulation of PAL and STS genes which was not observed in cells treated with filtrates of the biocontrol agent. Analytical assays showed significantly higher total phenolic content and chitinolytic enzyme activity in the cell cultures treated with the T. atroviride filtrate compared to the pathogen filtrate. These results corresponded well to the higher expression of PAL and chitinase class IV genes. The response of the cell cultures to T. atroviride filtrate provides support for the notion that the wound protection by the biocontrol agent at least partially relies on the induction of grapevine resistance mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Response of Vitis vinifera cell cultures to Eutypa lata and Trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates: expression of defence-related genes and phenotypes

et al. 2016

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“…Chitinases and b-1,3-glucanases are PR proteins strongly induced in grapevine following fungal challenge or treatment with activators of systemic acquired resistance (Busam et al, 1997;Derckel et al, 1998;Robert et al, 2002), as well as in response to biotic and abiotic elicitors (Aziz et al, 2003;Bonomelli et al, 2004;Trotel-Aziz et al, 2006b). The activity of both PR proteins is often associated with disease resistance of different grapevine cultivars to fungal pathogens (Aziz et al, 2004;Bonomelli et al, 2004;Busam et al, 1997;Giannakis, Bucheli, Skene, Robinson, & Scott, 1998). They are welldocumented to exert synergistic antifungal effects when both enzymes are present, and might play an important role in the amplification of defense reactions through release of chitin and b-1,3-glucans from the pathogen and host cell walls (Mauch et al, 1988;Derckel et al, 1998;van Loon & van Strien, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biological control of Botrytis cinerea by selected grapevine-associated bacteria and stimulation of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase activities under field conditions

Magnin-Robert

Trotel‐Aziz

Quantinet³

et al. 2007

Eur J Plant Pathol

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In this study, the biocontrol ability of seven grapevine-associated bacteria, previously reported as efficient against Botrytis cinerea under in vitro conditions, was evaluated in two vineyard orchards with the susceptible cv. Chardonnay during four consecutive years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005). It was shown that the severity of disease on grapevine leaves and berries was reduced to different levels, depending on the bacterial strain and inoculation method. Drenching the plant soil with these bacteria revealed a systemic resistance to B. cinerea, even without renewal of treatment. Accordingly, this resistance was associated with a stimulation of some plant defense responses such as chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase activities in both leaves and berries. In leaves, chitinase activity increased before veraison (end-July) while b-1, 3-glucanase reached its maximum activity at ripening (September). Reverse patterns were observed in berries, with b-1,3-glucanase peaking at full veraison (end-August) and chitinase at a later development stage. Highest activities were observed with Acinetobacter lwoffii PTA-113 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2 in leaves, and with A. lwoffii PTA-113 and Pantoea agglomerans PTA-AF1 in berries. These results have demonstrated an induced protection of grapevine against B. cinerea by selected bacteria under field conditions, and suggest that induced resistance could be related to a stimulation of plant defense reactions in a successive manner.

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“…Real-time PCR analysis showed that pathogen inoculation resulted in upregulated mRNA levels of β-1,3-glucanase genes in V. flexuosa leaves. Induction of β-1,3-glucanase in response to various pathogens such as Plasmopara viticola (Kortekamp 2006), B. cinerea (Renault et al 1996), Sphaerotheca fusca (Rivera et al 2002) and Erysiphe necator (Giannakis et al 1998) has been thoroughly investigated in several plants, and the timing and level of transcripts has been reported to vary between pathogens and genotypes. In this study, even though there was little variation in the expression level and onset of response, β -1,3-glucanase mRNA levels were shown to increase in response to inoculation of five pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of β-1,3-Glucanase Transcripts Induced by Pathogens in the Leaves of Vitis flexuosa

Ahn

Kim

Yun

2014

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT The differential expression of β-1,3-glucanase genes in the leaves of Vitis flexuosa induced by fungal and bacterial pathogen infections was investigated. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of β-1,3-glucanase genes from the transcripts of V. flexuosa were compared. The percentage similarity of deduced amino acid ranged from 22.0% between VfGlu34359 and VfGlu48103 to 96.9% in VvGlu2735 and VvGlu48103. To demonstrate the differential expression pattern of β-1,3-glucanase genes, primers specific to unique regions in each gene were obtained by alignment of the sequences. Accumulation patterns of β-1,3-glucanase mRNAs in the leaves of V. flexuosa were induced differentially and were dependent on the pathogens used including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Elsinoe ampelina, and Rhizobium vitis. This study provides useful information that will improve our understanding of grapevine defense responses to various pathogen attacks.

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Chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in grapevine leaves: a possible defence against powdery mildew infection

Cited by 100 publications

References 37 publications

Response of Vitis vinifera cell cultures to Eutypa lata and Trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates: expression of defence-related genes and phenotypes

Response of Vitis vinifera cell cultures to Eutypa lata and Trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates: expression of defence-related genes and phenotypes

Biological control of Botrytis cinerea by selected grapevine-associated bacteria and stimulation of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase activities under field conditions

Differential Expression of β-1,3-Glucanase Transcripts Induced by Pathogens in the Leaves of Vitis flexuosa

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