IntroductionCatalysis is the most efficient means to bring about a chemical transformation, since the catalyst used is in principle not consumed in the process and can continuously catalyze a given process to generate a product. When a metal catalyst is employed, the catalysis itself generally stems from the inherent properties of the given metal(s) -Lewis acidity, variable oxidation states, coordination sphere properties, and so on. For metal-based molecular catalysis, however, the ligand frameworks about the metal center can have a dramatic effect on the stability and catalytic performance, and/or actively participate through metal-ligand cooperative processes. The use of chiral ligands generates a chiral 3D environment that effectively controls the stereo-outcome of the chemical transformation, thus giving rise to asymmetric catalysis. Such strategies have been instrumental in the development of modern synthetic strategies at the academic and industrial levels, and constitute a cornerstone for modern organic syntheses.This chapter aims to give a general overview of the types of metal-catalyzed processes currently possible, with emphasis on the catalytic transformation itself. Only representative examples from the last decade are given to highlight the catalytic process without aiming to be comprehensive [1]. More emphasis is given to C-C bond-forming metal-catalyzed asymmetric syntheses due to the rapid developments in this area in recent years. Mostly intermolecular processes are given as examples and typically the results presented are under optimum conditions and represent the highest efficiency and selectivity obtained. It should be mentioned that a similar chapter using different authors and examples may have been used to illustrate advances in a given area, which is a tribute to the excellence and scope of contemporary research advancing asymmetric catalysis.Contributions where the metal is involved as a (chiral) reagent or systems where enantioselection stems from substrate control or use of chiral auxiliaries were not considered. Catalytically active supramolecular assemblies where metals act as linkers or transformations involving metal-containing enzymes were judged inappropriate. Similarly, selective metal-catalyzed polymerization processes and concurrent breakthroughs in organocatalysis are not included.