Chiral Separations: Fundamental Review 2010

Ward, Timothy J.; Ward, Karen D.

doi:10.1021/ac1010926

Cited by 206 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…In an achiral environment, enantiomers have identical properties except for their chiroptics (polarimetry, circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD)). The stereogenic unit is frequently generated by a tetrahedron carbon include liquid chromatography (LC) [42], GC [43,44], capillary electrophoresis (CE), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), among others [45][46][47]. Among these technologies, chromatography has been the most used technique for the analysis of chiral pollutants, by two different approaches: direct and indirect methods [48,49].…”

Section: Basic Concepts Of Chiralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review

Ribeiro

Maia

et al. 2017

Symmetry

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Abstract:In recent decades, the presence of micropollutants in the environment has been extensively studied due to their high frequency of occurrence, persistence and possible adverse effects to exposed organisms. Concerning chiral micropollutants in the environment, enantiomers are frequently ignored and enantiomeric composition often neglected. However, enantioselective toxicity is well recognized, highlighting the need to include enantioselectivity in environmental risk assessment. Additionally, the information about enantiomeric fraction (EF) is crucial since it gives insights about: (i) environmental fate (i.e., occurrence, distribution, removal processes and (bio)degradation); (ii) illicit discharges; (iii) consumption pattern (e.g., illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals used as recreational drugs, illicit use of pesticides); and (iv) enantioselective toxicological effects. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about the enantioselective occurrence of chiral bioactive compounds in aquatic environmental matrices. These include pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic musks (PCMs). Most frequently analytical methods used for separation of enantiomers were liquid chromatography and gas chromatography methodologies using both indirect (enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents) and direct methods (chiral stationary phases). The occurrence of these chiral micropollutants in the environment is reviewed and future challenges are outlined.

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Section: Basic Concepts Of Chiralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Chiral Bioactive Compounds in the Aquatic Environment: A Review

Ribeiro

Maia

et al. 2017

Symmetry

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“…Different types of chiral columns are commercially available [42][43][44][45][46]. The most important types of chiral selectors pointed to: Pirkle type, polysaccharide derivatives, cyclodextrin, protein, and macrocyclic glycopeptides antibiotics-based CSP [42,47,48].…”

Section: Enantiomeric Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomeric Separation of Tramadol and Its Metabolites: Method Validation and Application to Environmental Samples

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The accurate assessment of racemic pharmaceuticals requires enantioselective analytical methods. This study presents the development and validation of an enantioselective liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detection method for the concomitant quantification of the enantiomers of tramadol and their metabolites, N-desmethyltramadol and O-desmethyltramadol, in wastewater samples. Optimized conditions were achieved using a Lux Cellulose-4 column 150 × 4.6 mm, 3 µm isocratic elution, and 0.1% diethylamine in hexane and ethanol (96:4, v/v) at 0.7 mL min −1 . The samples were extracted using 150 mg Oasis ® mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) cartridges. The method was validated using a synthetic effluent of a laboratory-scale aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor. The method demonstrated to be selective, accurate, and linear (r 2 > 0.99) over the range of 56 ng L −1 to 392 ng L −1 . The detection and the quantification limits of each enantiomer were 8 ng L −1 and 28 ng L −1 for tramadol and N-desmethyltramadol, and 20 ng L −1 and 56 ng L −1 for O-desmethyltramadol. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated in a screening study in influent and effluent samples from a wastewater treatment plant. The results demonstrated the occurrence of tramadol enantiomers up to 325.1 ng L −1 and 357.9 ng L −1 , in the effluent and influent samples, respectively. Both metabolites were detected in influents and effluents.

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“…Several studies have focused on the determination of triazoles in soil [12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, a number of technologies, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [16][17][18][19][20], gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis (CE) [21][22][23], supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [24], thin layer chromatography (TLC), simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC), countercurrent chromatography and microtechnology have been introduced in enantiomers' analysis [25,26]. In recent years, HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has shown huge advantages in pesticides analysis for its sensitivity and selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%