Chiral resolution of four optical isomers of diltiazem hydrochloride on Chiralcel columns by packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography

Analysis of diltiazem and its related substances by HPLC and HPLC/MS

“…7, although compounds A and F are not chromatographically resolved, they can be detected singularly and separated by mass spectrometry, as their structures and spectra are different. DTZ, if exposed to light, after some days (4)(5) tends to decompose to compound F (Fig. 8).…”

“…DTZ is an optically active compound having the asymmetric carbons at the positions 2 and 3. Therefore, it forms the cis and trans isomers and each isomer exists as two enantiomers, (+) and (−) forms [5,6]. The drug approved by FDA is the (+)-cis-diltiazem with configuration (2S,3S).…”

Chiral Recognition Mechanism: Practical Considerations for Pharmaceutical Analysis of Chiral Compounds

“…It can be expected that SFC and LC may render unique enantioselectivity depending on the CSP and the analyte. Noticeable discrepancies between NPLC and SFC for polysaccharide CSPs have been well recognized in many studies [167,171,[180][181][182].…”

“…Although bonded Pirkle-type CSPs have been used in reversed phase and polar nonaqueous mobile phase, most of the applications were found in normal-phase mode. With the introduction of SFC for the resolution of enantiomers [185], bonded Pirkle-type CSPs were among the most studied CSPs in the early application of chiral SFC [172,175,181,186]. Comparable enantioselectivity and the same elution order of enantiomers were usually observed for the enantioseparations of many compounds.…”

Retention Characteristics in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Comparison with Gas Chromatography

“…1,2 The various physical properties of supercritical fluids must determine the remarkable characteristics of SFC compared with GC and LC: diffusivity, viscosity and density (solubility). 3 At the renaissance of SFC, SFC was expected to be a great bridge between GC and HPLC due to the above-mentioned physical properties and the compatibility of many GC and LC detectors with SFC.…”