“…Much of the recent L2 research on articles has been primarily descriptive in nature, focusing on aspects such as the order of acquisition (e.g., Chung, 2009;Lee, 2013;Liu & Gleason, 2002;Sun, 2016), the role of L1 (e.g., Crosthwaite, 2016;Ionin et al, 2008;Ionin & Montrul, 2010), learners' knowledge of and perceptions toward articles (e.g., Butler, 2002;Chan, 2016), and existing L2 pedagogy of articles (e.g., Lopez & Sabir, 2019;Yoo, 2009). Specific characteristics that commonly cause difficulty for L2 learners have also been examined, such as noun countability (e.g., Amuzie & Spinner, 2013;Liu & Lu, 2020;Tsang, 2017). While far from exhaustive, these studies collectively indicate the enormous effort exerted toward understanding articles from the L2 acquisition perspective.…”