Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: development and psychometric testing with Chinese‐Australian women

Abstract

Preliminary data suggest that the Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire is a valid, reliable and culturally sensitive instrument for the measurement of Chinese-Australian women's beliefs, knowledge and attitudes about breast cancer and breast cancer screening.

Roles of Illness Attributions and Cultural Views of Cancer in Determining Participation in Cancer-Smart Lifestyle among Chinese and Western Youth in Australia

“…The finding that illness attribution beliefs have a significant influence on performance of healthrelated behaviour is consistent with results from Chen (1996), Liang et al (2008) and Kwok et al (2009). The implications of this are important; cancer risk for this group is likely to be heightened over the lifespan because of decision making about physical activity that correlate with TCM illness attributions.…”

“…The difficulty with this goal is alarming to note that the health status of these immigrants tends to decline with time residing in Australia (AIHW, 2002;McCracken et al, 2007). Moreover, data also suggest that Australian women of Chinese ancestry are at a 40% elevated risk of developing cancer compared to age-matched contemporaries remaining in China (Ziegler et al, 1993;Kwok et al, 2009). The explanation for this disparity is unknown.…”

“…Finally, and perhaps the most striking differences between the two illness models, is that many Chinese are committed to the belief that the supernatural, distortions in social relationships, and immoral wrongdoings all play a role in illness causation (Chen, 1996;Kwok et al, 2009). These fundamental differences in models of illness highlight the importance of attending to cultural influences when attempting to change behaviours linked to disease prevention.…”

Maltese Translation and Adaptation of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Breast Screening Among Maltese Women

“…Since then, Champion's HBM scale has been tested for reliability and validity around the globe and translated for Iranian (Hashemian, Shokravi, Lamyian, Hassanpour & Akaberi, 2013;Taymoori & Berry, 2009), Lithuanian (Zelviene & Bogusevicius, 2007), Malaysian (Parsa, Kandiah, Mohd Nasir, Hejar & Nor Afiah, 2008), Arabic (Mikhail & Petro-Nustas, 2001), Korean (Lee, Kim & Song, 2002), Chinese-Australian (Kwok, Fethney & White, 2010), Turkish (Norman & Brain, 2005;Lunt, Bowen & Lee, 2005), African-American (Champion et al, 2008), and Spanish-speaking American women (Medina-Shepherd & Kleier, 2010). Findings of these studies have provided support for the validity and reliability of these HBM-based scales, though poor construct validity was shown in a Peruvian-translated version (Champion et al, 2008) and in a Spanish version (Esteva et al, 2007).…”

Perceptions and attitudes towards exercise amongChinese elders – the implications of culturally based self‐management strategies for effective health‐related help seeking and person‐centred care

“…24,25 A recent survey of Chinese people in UK Midlands region (n = 436) found that exercise was an important factor for Chinese people in preventing heart disease, but they had little knowledge of the correct methods of exercise to achieve health. 26 Data such as these are only just coming to light as elderly migrant populations reach the age when increasing health problems occur.…”