China's “War on Terror” in Xinjiang: Human Security and the Causes of Violent Uighur Separatism

‘One Belt, One Road’ and China’s emerging Afghanistan dilemma

“…The East Turkestan Islamic Movement functioned from the late 1990s to early 2000s and was dealt a severe blow after the death of its leader, Hasan Mahsum, during a Pakistani military operation in South Waziristan in October 2003. Despite Chinese claims, however, there has been little concrete evidence that the East Turkestan Islamic Movement ever mounted successful attacks in Xinjiang during that time (Clarke 2008;Roberts 2012). The Turkestan Islamic Party emerged around 2006 and is believed to consist of hundreds of militants based near Mir Ali in North Waziristan and allied with the Pakistani Taliban and the IMU, one of Central Asia's most resilient Islamist movements (Zenn 2011).…”

Panturquismo Em Xinjiang E Na Ásia Central: Entre O Separatismo E a Integração

“…Os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 proporcionaram ao PCCh a oportunidade de reprimir violentamente os separatistas em Xinjiang e de conter a integridade de sua fronteira porosa contra o ingresso de movimentos islâmicos radicais do Afeganistão, Paquistão e Ásia Central (Davis, 2008). A China passaria a associar os grupos radicais uigures a outros grupos com atuação na Ásia Central, como o MIU, a Al Qaeda e o Talibã, como forma de pressionar o governo Bush, no contexto da "guerra ao terror", a incluir o Mito na lista oficial de "organizações terroristas internacionais" (Clarke, 2008). Essa pressão atingiu o resultado esperado em dezembro de 2002, transformando, por meio do discurso, um ator que tinha antes abrangência local, ou no máximo regional, em ameaça global.…”

Terrorism and Organized Crime: Common Concerns but Different Interests

“…Chinese authorities further allege that Uighurs have trained in Afghanistan (Wayne 2008 : 10), and that their terrorist campaign is linked to Al-Qaida the global jihad movement. Though contested by Western analysts (Clarke 2007 ), this claim has been underlined by Chinese media reports of Islamists from Xinjiang allegedly fi ghting with IS (Blanchard 2014 ; ITAR-TASS 2014 ; Moore 2014 ; E. Wong 2014 ).…”