China's Grand Strategy: Trends, Trajectories, and Long-Term Competition

Scobell, Andrew; Burke, Edmund J.; Cooper, Cortez A.; Lilly, Sale; Ohlandt, Chad J. R.; Warner, Eric; Williams, Jhacova

doi:10.7249/rr2798

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The document classifies China as the "only competitor capable to combine its economic, diplomatic, military, and technological power to mount a sustained challenge to a stable and open international system" (White House 2021). For an in-depth analysis of US-China relations over the specific geographic regions, see : Shambaugh 2018;Scobell et al 2020. China's quest to "catch up" with global affairs over the last few decades is causing its endeavours to formulate and codify its newest Grand Strategy. As some authors point out, the international system experiences the "fifth" Chinese Grand Strategy nowadays (Scobell et al 2020).…”

Section: Contextualizing the Bri's Political Risk Into The Fifth Grand Strategy Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For an in-depth analysis of US-China relations over the specific geographic regions, see : Shambaugh 2018;Scobell et al 2020. China's quest to "catch up" with global affairs over the last few decades is causing its endeavours to formulate and codify its newest Grand Strategy. As some authors point out, the international system experiences the "fifth" Chinese Grand Strategy nowadays (Scobell et al 2020). That is specifically why the contextualization of the area compounded by the BRI is important within the setting of political risk assessment.…”

Section: Contextualizing the Bri's Political Risk Into The Fifth Grand Strategy Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Political Risks in Eurasia in the Wake of the Fifth China’s “Grand Strategy”

Lađevac¹,

Stekić²

2021

The Review of International Affairs

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Political risk assessment (PRA) is usually performed at the national polity level. With a novel and globally significant reality exposed in the Belt and Road Initiative, the vast Eurasian space has risen high on the political risk assessment agenda. This has especially become dominant in Western academic narratives. How the various PRAs find their place in practice is an issue that constitutes a significant scientific void. This study aims to supplement such vivid endeavours by reviewing the current state of research and applying its findings to three regions: China's geographical neighbourhood, Southeast and Central Europe, and Central Asia and the Middle East. Firstly, the findings of several major studies into the fifth so-called "Grand Strategy" of the People's Republic of China as a major driver of its security policy will be contextualized. This will be followed by two segments, one which will stress the rudiments of PRA both in terms of the geographical realm and the modus operandi of the process. The second segment is devoted to contemporary scientific endeavours that include Big Data and deployment of artificial intelligence tools to determine the level and nature of political risk across the BRI space. After the findings are systematized, their implications for the BRI countries in the wake of the latest challenges will be underlined, such as the investment critiques and the decline in euphoria about the format "17+1". The results demonstrate a significant change in the components of political risk for most of the Eurasian countries, which will consequently influence the process of reformulation of China's foreign and security policy preferences.

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Section: Contextualizing the Bri's Political Risk Into The Fifth Grand Strategy Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextualizing the Bri's Political Risk Into The Fifth Grand Strategy Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Political Risks in Eurasia in the Wake of the Fifth China’s “Grand Strategy”

Lađevac¹,

Stekić²

2021

The Review of International Affairs

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“…С 1970-х годов КПК постепенно отошла от прежнего акцента на социалистическую идеологию к пониманию экономического роста и «хорошего» управления как источника легитимности. Этот переход к подходу «легитимности, основанной на результатах» (Sorensen) начал заменять марксистскую идеологию и ленинскую политику, обоснованность которых ставится под сомнение (Mazarr, et al, 2018;Scobell, et al, 2020). В контексте суверенных интересов ключевым компонентом является обеспечение суверенитета над всей территории в пределах границ Китая и защита региональной целостности, включая морские и сухопутные границы.…”

Section: эклектичное теоретизирование и внешняя политика китаяunclassified

Теоретизация Внешней Политики Китая: Концептуальные Положения В Историческом Континууме

Valiyeva

Asal

2021

MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi

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Одним из основных детерминантов, определяющих внешнеполитическое видение и поведение Китая, а также идейное строение китайского самовосприятия является фактор истории. Внешняя политика Китая и его стратегия подъема характеризуются совокупностью исторической преемственности и изменений в континууме. В данной статье была предпринята попытка обосновать идею о том, что внешнеполитическая идентичность и поведение Китая, как возвышающейся или по выражению Генри Киссинджера, возвращающейся силы, определяется его историческим прошлым. Как внутриполитический нарратив, так и внешнеполитическая стратегия глобального возвышения Китая, существующего и развивающегося «в тени своего прошлого», содержит множество ссылок на исторический опыт китайской нации, наиболее полно проецированных в концепции председателя КНР Си Цзиньпина «китайской мечты», осуществление которой, как представляется, должно привести к «великому национальному возрождению» страны и нации. Изложив в ретроспективном порядке процесс развития внешнеполитических подходов Китая с периода учреждения КНР вплоть до сегодняшнего дня, статья предприняла попытку резюмировать существующие концептуальные подходы к теоретизации внешней политики и феномена глобального возвышения Китая, акцентируя внимание на дихотомии ревизионизма и приверженности статус-кво в отношении структуры мировой системы и разделяя существующие теоретические разработка на две категории: конвенциональное и эклектичное теоретизирование. Подчеркивается, что глобальное присутствие Китая и его подъем в контексте воздействия на структуру и принципы существующего международного порядка рассматриваются в диапазоне восприятий Китая как «угроза» и как «возможность».

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“…However, highly accurate and mobilized defense missiles are a targeted practice for the strategic concepts of nuclear policy to answer US ministries' attacks. Therefore, leading intention of China is to make sure the effectiveness of nuclear deterrence (Scobell et al, 2020)".China's nuclear determination's primary future concern consists of US missile defense plan regardless of its focus on the quality over quantity. Recently, some Chinese officials have declared one of China's crucial future strategy and that involve defense operation of the global missile for international stability and for ensuring environmental protection.…”

Section: Future Of China's Nuclear Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Nuclear Policy: A Realistic Assessment

Sadiq

2021

pjsr

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This research paper focuses on the development, management, and execution of nuclear policies and strategies in China. Chinese nuclear policy has always been a center of discussion for military officials and researchers worldwide. Considering its internal and external security situation and strategic perceptions, China has made some crucial adjustments in its nuclear deterrent to cope with future threats and maintain the diminutive stature among nuclear powers. The issue of Taiwan and ballistic missile defense systems(BMDs) of India and USA may raise China’s critical thinking in the coming future for which it must change its policy of No First Use (NFU) and must shift its nuclear intentions from narrow to limited nuclear deterrent posture. Due to changed cultural perspectives, China has its specific nuclear strategy that involves the minimum utility of nuclear weapons. Factors involved in the evolution of Chinese nuclear strategy are in line with technological modernization. However, China is not willing to leave adherence from its NFU policy. China possesses a limited capacity of nuclear experts, a comparatively lesser quantity of nuclear installations, and a relatively lower number of nuclear weapons because it mainly focuses on the “lean and effective” quality of its strategic nuclear approach. Keywords: Nuclear policy, strategic perceptions, China, security environment.

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China's Grand Strategy: Trends, Trajectories, and Long-Term Competition

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the Political Risks in Eurasia in the Wake of the Fifth China’s “Grand Strategy”

Assessing the Political Risks in Eurasia in the Wake of the Fifth China’s “Grand Strategy”

Теоретизация Внешней Политики Китая: Концептуальные Положения В Историческом Континууме

China’s Nuclear Policy: A Realistic Assessment

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