China's Conception of Cyber Sovereignty: Rhetoric and Realization

Creemers, Rogier

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532421

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…On the one hand, powers outside of the liberal world have experienced the rise of networked communication as a threat to existing political systems. China was the first country to respond to this by propagating and developing its idea of digital sovereignty-mostly framed as cyber sovereignty or internet sovereignty (Creemers, 2016(Creemers, , 2020Jiang, 2010;Zeng et al, 2017). The underlying ideas were later adapted by other authoritarian and se-mi-authoritarian countries, most prominently Russia (Budnitsky & Jia, 2018;Stadnik, 2019;Nocetti, 2015).…”

Section: State Autonomy and The Security Of National Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital sovereignty

Pohle¹,

Thiel²

2020

Internet Policy Review

115

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Over the last decade, digital sovereignty has become a central element in policy discourses on digital issues. Although it has become popular in both centralised/authoritarian and democratic countries alike, the concept remains highly contested. After investigating the challenges to sovereignty apparently posed by the digital transformation, this essay retraces how sovereignty has re-emerged as a key category with regard to the digital. By systematising the various normative claims to digital sovereignty, it then goes on to show how, today, the concept is understood more as a discursive practice in politics and policy than as a legal or organisational concept.Issue 4

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Section: State Autonomy and The Security Of National Infrastructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital sovereignty

Pohle¹,

Thiel²

2020

Internet Policy Review

115

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“…102 China took a similar position. 103 Western countries, in this debate loosely assembled under the umbrella of the "like-minded" states, started out from a position that championed the cause of an "open, free and secure internet". The internet was seen as a positive phenomenon, spurring economic growth and spreading the benefits of global access to information and free speech.…”

Section: Un Gge 2004-2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Close for Comfort: Cyber Terrorism and Information Security across National Policies and International Diplomacy

Broeders

Cristiano

Weggemans

2021

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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This article analyses the evolution and interplay of national policies and international diplomacy on cyber terrorism within and across the UNSC's permanent five members and the UN process on cyber norms (GGE and OEWG). First, it reveals how -through the extension of preemptive measures to low-impact cyber activities and online content -national policies progressively articulate cyber terrorism as an issue of information security. Second, it problematizes howthrough the adoption of comprehensive and imprecise definitions -the diplomatic language on cyber terrorism might lend international support to those authoritarian regimes keen on leveraging counter-terrorism to persecute domestic oppositions and vulnerable groups. Third, it concludes that -with UN diplomatic efforts increasingly discussing countering (dis)information operations -combining normative debates on cyber terrorism with those on information security requires precision of language to safeguard human rights globally.Cyber terrorism is an elusive concept. Most definitions make a distinction between on the one hand politically motivated violent acts, or the threat thereof, using the internet, and on the other hand all the preparatory and supporting activities for terrorism done on or via the internet, such as recruitment, communication and financing. Governments fear the violent terrorist act the most but, given that "pure" cyber terrorism has not yet materialized, have mostly focused on countering the preparatory and supporting digital activities of suspected terrorists and radicalized actors. Given the "low probability, high impact" character of terrorism, counter terrorism policies have seen a high degree of political and legal exceptionalism, especially in the wake of the 9-11 attacks and the ensuing "war on terror". 1 Given that cyber terrorism is part and parcel of the digital domain, cyber counter terrorism has become intertwined with another general trend in national security and law enforcement, that of the development of the digital surveillance state. 2 The general trend of states trying to increase security by means of online surveillance has been prevalent in international security and foreign intelligence 3 and in domestic and international law enforcement. 4 This has sparked many debates about the proportionality

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“…The Communist party has frequently justified such decisions on the basis of "internet sovereignty" which claims that countries have the prerogative to exercise full control over their digital infrastructure according to domestic concerns and priorities (Creemers, 2020).…”

Section: Nationalism Sovereignty and Digital Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The curious absence of cybernationalism in Latin America: Lessons for the study of digital sovereignty and governance

Becerra

Waisbord

2021

Communication and the Public

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In this article, we are interested in examining the factors that drive cybernationalism and digital governance in media policies. As scholars with a long-standing interest in media industries and policies in Latin America, we start with a simple empirical observation: the curious absence of debates and strong efforts to regulate digital media in the region grounded on nationalistic arguments. It is not exaggerated to affirm that for the past two decades, the region has largely adopted a laissez-faire, deregulatory approach on fundamental issues about the structure and functioning of the Internet, including the performance of global digital platforms, content traffic, data ownership and access, and speech. We believe that understanding the decades-long transition from nationalistic media regulations to pragmatism in digital policies in Latin America yields valuable insights for theorizing the conditions that foster (and discourage) nationalism and sovereignty in digital policies.

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China's Conception of Cyber Sovereignty: Rhetoric and Realization

Cited by 28 publications

References 76 publications

Digital sovereignty

Digital sovereignty

Too Close for Comfort: Cyber Terrorism and Information Security across National Policies and International Diplomacy

The curious absence of cybernationalism in Latin America: Lessons for the study of digital sovereignty and governance

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