China integrating conservation areas into red lines for stricter and unified management

He, Ping; Gao, Jixi; Zhang, Wenguo; Sheng, Rao; Zou, Changxin; Du, Jun; Liu, Weiling

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.057

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…China's central government has strengthened biodiversity and ecosystem conservation in recent years to achieve the target of "eco-civilization" (CPC Central Committee and the State Council 2015). In 2015, the strategic project Delineation and Defense of Ecological Protection Red Lines was launched to integrate all the regions that provide critical ecosystem services and ecological security into a protection system with unified and strict management (He et al 2018). The central government is also exploring a comprehensive national park system that will protect important ecosystems and wildlife as well as ensure sustainable use of natural resources (Xu et al 2017).…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China

Chen

Melville³

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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Nature reserves (NR) are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. Over the past 60 years, the rapid expansion of NRs in China, one of the world's megadiverse countries, has played a critical role in slowing biodiversity loss. We examined the changes in the number and area of China's NRs from 1956 to 2014 and analyzed the effect of economic development on the expansion of China's NRs from 2005 to 2014 with linear models. Despite a continuing increase in the number of NRs, the total area of China's NRs decreased by 3% from 2007 to 2014. This loss resulted from downsizing and degazettement of existing NRs and a slowdown in the establishment of new ones. Nature reserves in regions with rapid economic development exhibited a greater decrease in area, suggesting that downsizing and degazettement of NRs are closely related to the intensifying competition between economic growth and conservation. For example, boundary adjustments to national NRs, the most strictly protected NRs, along the coast of China's Yellow Sea, a global biodiversity hotspot with a fast‐growing economy, resulted in the loss of one‐third of the total area. One of the most important ecosystems in these NRs, tidal wetlands, decreased by 27.8% because of boundary adjustments and by 25.2% because of land reclamation. Our results suggest conservation achievement, in terms of both area and quality, are declining at least in some regions in the Chinese NR estate. Although the designation of protected areas that are primarily managed for sustainable use has increased rapidly in recent years in China, we propose that NRs with biodiversity conservation as their main function should not be replaced or weakened.

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Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China

Chen

Melville³

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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“…The correlation between the water conservation and NDVI time series data, as represented by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), was calculated based on the Equations 3and (4).…”

Section: Relationship Between Ndvi and Water Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological red line is an important institutional innovation in environmental protection in China, which is the bottom line of ecological security, in essence. It refers to the strict protection of spatial boundaries and management limitation in terms of natural ecological service functions, environmental quality safety, and utilization of natural resources in order to maintain national and regional ecological security, sustainable economic and social development, and protect the health of people [2][3][4]. The evaluation of water conservation is one of the most crucial aspect of ecosystem services in this project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Conservation Estimation Based on Time Series NDVI in the Yellow River Basin

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Accurate estimation of the water conservation is of great significance for ecological red line planning. The water conservation of the Yellow River Basin has a vital influence on the development of the environment and the supply of ecological services in China. However, the existing methods used to estimate water conservation have many disadvantages, such as requiring numerous parameters, a complex calculation model, and using data that is often difficult acquire. It is often hard to provide sufficiently precise parameters and data, resulting in a large amount of calculation time and the difficulties in the study of large scale and long time series. In this study, a time series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was applied to estimate water conservation in two aspects using the idea of wholeness and stratification, respectively. The overall fitting results can explain nearly 30% of the water conservation by partial least squares regression and nearly 50% of it by a support vector machine. However, the results of a stratified simulation showed that water conservation and the NDVI have a certain stratified heterogeneity among different ecosystem types. The optimal fitting result was achieved in a water/wetland ecosystem with the highest coefficient of determination (R2P) of 0.768 by the stratified support vector machine (SVM) model, followed by the forest and grassland ecosystem (both R2P of 0.698). The spatial mapping results showed that this method was most suitable for grassland ecosystem, followed by forest ecosystem. According to the results generated using the NDVI time series data, it is feasible to complete a spatial simulation of water conservation. This research can provide a reference for calculating regional or large-scale water conservation and in ecological red line planning.

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“…Ambitious area-based approaches are already being implemented in some areas of the world. In response to the increasing rate of urbanization and land-use change, the Chinese Government has launched a nation-wide initiative to integrate all conservation areas into a system of unified and strictly managed areas (He et al 2018), with the aim of protecting one-quarter of its land (Gao 2019). The ECRL initiative consolidates multiple types of protected lands already being managed under various ministries, establishes strictly controlled ecological spaces, and is applied consistently throughout the country.…”

Section: Conservation Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on area‐based conservation and its meaning for future biodiversity policy

Bhola

Klimmek

Kingston

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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During 2021, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are expected to meet in Kunming, China, to agree on a new global biodiversity framework aimed at halting and reversing biodiversity loss, encouraging the sustainable use of biodiversity, and ensuring the equitable sharing of its benefits. As the post-2020 global biodiversity framework evolves, parties to the convention are being exposed to a range of perspectives on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, relating to the future framework as a whole or to aspects of it. Area-based conservation measures are one such aspect, and there are diverse perspectives on how new targets might be framed in relation to these measures. These perspectives represent different outlooks on the relationship between human and nonhuman life on Earth. However, in most cases there is a lack of clarity on how they would be implemented in practice, the implications this would have for biodiversity and human wellbeing, and how they would contribute to achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity of "living in harmony with nature." We sought to clarify these issues by summarizing some of these perspectives in relation to the future of area-based biodiversity conservation. We identified these perspectives through a review of the literature and expert consultation workshops and compiled them into 4 main groups: Aichi+, ambitious area-based conservation perspectives, new conservation, and whole-earth conservation. We found that although the perspectives Aichi+ and whole earth are in some cases at odds with one another, they also have commonalities, and all perspectives have elements that can contribute to developing and implementing the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and achieving the longer term CBD 2050 Vision. Perspectivas de la Conservación Basada en el Área y su Significado para las Futuras Políticas de BiodiversidadResumen: Durante 2021, se espera que las partes miembro del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CBD) * Address correspondence to Nina Bhola, email nina.bhola@unep-wcmc.org Article impact statement: Scaling up area-based conservation is essential to post-2020 framework to address the CBD mission to improve the status of biodiversity.

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China integrating conservation areas into red lines for stricter and unified management

Cited by 42 publications

References 1 publication

Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China

Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China

Water Conservation Estimation Based on Time Series NDVI in the Yellow River Basin

Perspectives on area‐based conservation and its meaning for future biodiversity policy

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