China energy databook

Sinton, J E; Levine, M D; Liu, Feng; Davis, William B.; Zhenping, Jiang; Xing, Zongyi; Jiang, Kejun; Zhou, Dadi

doi:10.2172/6406447

Cited by 2 publications

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“…This approach reduces the possibility of major errors and results usually in only minor over-or under-estimates. Perhaps the greatest current uncertainty concerns the conversion of China's huge coal extraction, now the world's largest in raw terms (Smil, 1988;Sinton, 1992). To convert the 1990 total of 1.079 billion tomes of raw coal to standard coal equivalent, Chinese statistics use the multiplier of 0.71.…”

Section: Measuring Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intensities: revealing or misleading?

Smil

1994

OPEC Review

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INCREASED EFFICIENCY in energy conversions was neither a matter of government policy nor a widespread goal of industrial management during the generations of abundant energy supply and declining real fossil fuel and electricity prices. OPEC's actions changed this neglect both rapidly and universally. Concerns about energy efficiency influenced many post-1973 policy and management decisions, and led to a spreading use of performance indicators in both intra-and international comparisons. And the efficiency concerns did not disappear after world energy prices declined in 1986: the surge of worries about the state of the global environmentmost notably the possibility of relatively rapid climate change (Office of Technology Assessment, 1991)has assured continued interest in rational energy use (Tester et al, 1991).Readily available performance ratings of individual convertors and a large number of detailed process energy analyses provide specific information about the efficiency of devices and techniques, and such assessments can be used profitably not only in industrial management, but also in policy formulation and for public exhortation. But, as modem societies constantly use macroeconomic indicators to gauge national performance and to make international comparisons, there is also a need for an aggregate and readily comprehensible measure of energy efficiency. The energy intensity of a nation's economy appears to be such a revealing indicator: in its most general form, it is simply a ratio of the total primary energy use and the gross domestic product (GDP).The heuristic appeal of aggregate energy intensities is obvious. As every economic activity involves the conversion of energy, nations, which have relatively low consumption of fuels and electricity per unit of GDP, should enjoy some

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Section: Measuring Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intensities: revealing or misleading?

Smil

1994

OPEC Review

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“…Official statistics may reflect the mandated closure of many private coal mines, but there is suspicion that this was not fully accomplished and coal may be returning surreptitiously to rural households, outside the bounds of official statistics. Biofuel use in rural China has been declining only slowly in recent years, if at all [ Streets et al , 2001a; Sinton et al , 2004a]. In most agricultural regions of China, crop residues are still collected and used for fuel in large amounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of China's household sector for black carbon emissions

Streets

Aunan

2005

Geophysical Research Letters

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The combustion of coal and biofuels in Chinese households is a large source of black carbon (BC), representing about 10–15% of total global emissions during the past two decades, depending on the year. How the Chinese household sector develops during the next 50 years will have an important bearing on future aerosol concentrations, because the range of possible outcomes (about 550 Gg yr−1) is greater than total BC emissions in either the United States or Europe (each about 400–500 Gg yr−1). In some Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios biofuels persist in rural China for at least the next 50 years, whereas in other scenarios a transition to cleaner fuels and technologies effectively mitigates BC emissions. This paper discusses measures and policies that would help this transition and also raises the possibility of including BC emission reductions as a post‐Kyoto option for China and other developing countries.

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China energy databook

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Energy intensities: revealing or misleading?

Energy intensities: revealing or misleading?

The importance of China's household sector for black carbon emissions

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