Children With Newly Diagnosed IDDM Have Increased Levels of Antibodies to Bovine Serum Albumin But Not to Ovalbumin

Abstract

A high level of antibodies to BSA commonly associates with IDDM, whereas the humoral immune response to OA is similar in diabetic and nondiabetic children.

Significance of cow's milk protein antibodies as risk factor for childhood IDDM: interactions with dietary cow's milk intake and HLA-DQB1 genotype

“…Immune response to BSA has received much attention since the work of Karjalainen et al [8] which showed elevated BSA IgG antibodies in all newly diagnosed diabetic patients studied. Although such marked differences in antibody levels between IDDM patients and control subjects have not been seen by other investigators, a number of well-controlled studies from several countries have shown moderately increased humoral BSA responses in newly diagnosed patients with IDDM compared with unrelated control subjects [9,10,22,23]. Interestingly, Krokowski et al [10] found higher BSA antibodies in DR3-and/or DR4-positive recently diagnosed diabetic adults compared with values for DR3-and/or DR4-positive controls, a result reminiscent of that in our paired analysis of HLA-DQB1-matched diabetic-sibling pairs.…”

“…Antibodies to cow©s milk formula, BLG and BSA were measured by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) as described in detail earlier [7,9]. In the measurement of cow©s milk formula antibodies, diluted, defatted (1:500) adapted liquid cow©s milk formula (Tutteli, Valio, Finland) was used as the antigen.…”

Environmental Triggers and Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes

“…The enhanced humoral immune response to cow's milk proteins seem to be specific for type 1 diabetes because elevated levels have not been generally observed in other autoimmune diseases. The active immune response has been reported to be restricted to cow's milk proteins, since patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes have not been shown to have increased antibody levels to other dietary antigens, such as gliadin and ovalbumin (65,67). Bovine insulin antibodies have not been measured in children with signs of ␤-cell autoimmunity beyond the age of 18 months, but increased levels of bovine insulin-binding antibodies have been detected in children with type 1 diabetes (60).…”

Aleitamento materno e diabetes Mellitus do tipo 1

“…Alguns destes estudos demonstraram que pacientes com DM1 mais constantemente apresentavam história de exposição neonatal precoce ao leite bovino ou uma história curta ou negativa de amamentação materna em relação a controles não diabéticos (14). Por exemplo, Saukkonen et al (6) encontraram que a suplementação alimentar tinha iniciado mais cedo em diabéticos em relação aos não diabéticos (3 e 4 meses de idade, respectivamente). Outros estudos, contudo, não demonstraram diferenças entre diabéticos e controles relacionados ou não relacionados em relação ao tempo de aleitamento materno e de suplementação dietética com leite bovino, ou no consumo de produtos derivados do leite bovino (15).…”

“…As maiores evidências sorológicas parecem relacionadas à albumina sérica bovina (BSA), uma proteí-na que apresenta-se em concentrações baixas (em torno de 1%) no leite bovino (6). Recentemente, demonstrou-se a alta prevalência de anticorpos antialbumina bovina sérica (BSA) em pacientes portadores de DM1 de início recente (100%) em relação aos controles não-diabéticos (3,8%) (7).…”