“…There is a long tradition of research on the effectiveness of diverse forms of illustrations in education (e.g., Bloomer, 1960;Dimopoulos, Koulaidis, & Sklaveniti, 2003;Evans, Watson, & Willows, 1987;Fleming, 1966;Goldsmith, 1987;hunter, Crismore, & Pearson, 1987;Kosslyn, 2006;Levie & Lentz, 1982;Levin, Anglin, & Carney, 1987;Miller, 1938;Weidenmann, 1994;Winn, 1987;zimet, 1966). Notwithstanding, only scant knowledge from this research can be used to systematically design and analyze test item illustrations.…”