Children's Moral Orientation: does the gender of dilemma character make a difference?

Beal, Carole R.; Garrod, Andrew; Ruben, Kate; Stewart, Timothy L.; Dekle, Dawn J.

doi:10.1080/0305724970260103

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, 59% of the U.S. participants' annual family income was more than $50,000, considered middle socioeconomic status. One possible explanation for the Turkish group's high Justice scores may be that low socioeconomic status might promote higher concern with fairness, rights, and equality in some Turkish students, consistent with other researchers' findings (Beal, et al, 1997). However, socioeconomic status did not have a significant effect on P scores in this sample.…”

Section: Moral Orientationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It has been argued the choice of moral orientation is linked to other variables, such as socioeconomic status and the type of dilemma discussed, not to sex. Beal, Garrod, Ruben, and Stewart (1997), for example, have argued that low socioeconomic status may promote a concern for rights. Walker, de Vries, and Trevethan (1987), on the other hand, have demonstrated that personal or relational dilemmas tend to be discussed in terms of care and response, whereas impersonal or nonrelational dilemmas tend to be reasoned in terms of justice and rights (regardless of the participant's sex).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation of U.S. and Turkish University Students

Küyel

Glover

2010

Psychol Rep

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Participants from an individualistic society (U.S.A.) were compared with participants from a collectivistic society (Turkey) in terms of moral reasoning and orientation (justice and care). A total of 396 undergraduates (203 U.S. students, 193 Turkish students) between the ages of 18 and 46 years were administered the original version of the Defining Issues Test and the Measure of Moral Orientation. Turkish participants received higher mean principled scores than did the U.S. participants, and female participants received higher mean principled scores than did male participants. Turkish participants also scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than U.S. participants, and female participants scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than male participants.

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Section: Moral Orientationsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation of U.S. and Turkish University Students

Küyel

Glover

2010

Psychol Rep

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“…The fact that women scored higher than did men on both measures of justice was unexpected, and adds to the conflicting literature on sex differences in moral orientation. Taken with the results of previous researchers (Beal, Garrod, Ruben, Stewart, & Dekle 1997;Friedman, Robinson, & Friedman, 1987) it seems evident that there is not a clear -male‖ (justice) or -female‖ (care) orientation as Gilligan (1982) proposed. Future researchers may wish to examine how gender identity rather than biological sex is associated with moral orientation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…However, a number of studies found no significant sex differences in moral orientation (Beal, Garrod, Ruben, Stewart, & Dekle, 1997;Friedman, Robinson, & Friedman, 1987;Maqsud, 1998). These results led to a general agreement among most researchers that there are different types of moral orientations (namely, care and justice); however, it is greatly debated as to whether or not these differences are due to sex.…”

Section: The Assessment Of Moral Orientationmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Moral Orientation

Giammarco¹

2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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Researchers have found that when individuals are faced with moral dilemmas, they tend to approach the situations with the same general perspective. This general perspective is referred to as their moral orientation. Studies have shown that moral orientations tend to be either justice or care focused. A justice orientation refers to a focus on rights, rules, and objective decision making. In contrast, individuals using a care orientation are more likely to consider relationships, contextual factors, and minimizing harm to others. Although numerous studies have reported individual differences in these orientations, the literature has failed to consider how individuals with -abnormal‖ moral development approach these dilemmas. As such, the goal of present study was to develop a measure of moral orientation that was able to capture adequately the orientations of those individuals with more maladaptive tendencies. This was achieved by assessing a novel moral orientation, termed self-promotion. After developing and administering this scale to two independent samples, a series of item analyses were conducted and items that failed to meet acceptable levels of psychometric criteria were deleted. The reduced scaled was factor analyzed and the results indicated three distinct care, justice, and self-promotion factors emerged for some scenarios, but not others, suggesting that further scale revisions are necessary.Despite some potentially problematic items, preliminary validity evidence was found, with significant correlations in the expected direction observed between each of the moral orientation dimensions and various Dark Triad and HEXACO personality traits.

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“…Using the transcripts, firstly, responses across both the dilemmas were independently examined to identify moral judgements, and then they were coded for the orientational logic which they represented. The coding procedure used was adapted from Beal, Garrod, Ruben, Stewart and Dekle, (1997), Johnston (1985) and Ward (1988). Children's responses were classified as showing orientation to care/concern for others or an orientation to justice/rights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging moral orientations amongst primary school children in the province of KwaZulu-Natal

Muthukrishna

Hugo

Wedekind

et al. 2006

Education as Change

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This paper seeks to contribute to current research on variations within moral orientations of children initially pointed to by Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan. The study is unique in that it has not been possible to locate studies in the South African context that have examined the moral logic children bring to their judgements of violent and potentially violent events. Data was obtained from a group of children ranging in age from 9-13 years, 12 girls and 18 boys enrolled at an urban primary school in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The participants in the study come from diverse language, racial, religious, and ethnic groups. High levels of crime and violence are prevalent in the working class communities in which the children live. They were requested to reflect upon two scenarios depicting real life dilemmas, and then engage in moral judgements and decision making in response to probing questions put to them in interviews. Results revealed that, contrary to Gilligan's view, across age and gender the children's responses reflected a moral orientation higher to justice than to care. 65% of boys' responses show greater use of a justice orientation in their reasoning than care orientation (35%). A similar trend was evident with girls across the age ranges: 60% of girls' responses were justice oriented as opposed to 40 % that were care oriented. An interesting finding was that girls' use of a justice orientation increased with age, and the use of moral reasoning that reflected a care orientation decreased with age. However, in line with Gilligan's theory, boys' responses across age ranges reflected a higher orientation to justice than to care. The findings contribute to this increasing unraveling of what seemed to be an initially simple variation in moral reasoning based on gender. They show a stronger tendency towards a 41 Downloaded by [University of York] at 04:01 05 June 2016 justice orientation within a community struggling with poverty and violence in a post revolutionary society.

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Children's Moral Orientation: does the gender of dilemma character make a difference?

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation of U.S. and Turkish University Students

Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation of U.S. and Turkish University Students

The Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Moral Orientation

Emerging moral orientations amongst primary school children in the province of KwaZulu-Natal

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