Children of the Pátria: Representations of Childhood and Welfare State Ideologies at the 1922 Rio de Janeiro International Centennial Exposition

Wadsworth, James E.; Marko, Tamera L.

doi:10.1353/tam.2001.0088

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…From 1927 until 1990, it had been legally possible to institutionalize Brazilian children and adolescents indefinitely, whether or not they had ever broken the law. In 1927, notions of degeneration and pathology circulating in scientific, medical, and legal discourses met with arguments of the international child saving movement, leading Brazil to adopt a national "Minors' Code" (Wadsworth and Marko 2001). One of the most significant-and enduring-features of the legislation was the division of Brazilian youths into distinct socio-legal categories: minors and children.…”

Section: Minor Criminalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rights‐Bearing Street Kids: Icons of Hope and Despair in Brazil's Burgeoning Neoliberal State

Drybread

2009

Law & Policy

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This article seeks to understand the broader meanings behind the recent loss of hope for the futures of kids 1 who live on the streets of Brazil. Through a historical examination of twentieth century Brazilian childhood legislation, the article contextualizes growing despair about the prospects of street children within the political, social, historical, and economic transformations occurring during Brazil's transition from military dictatorship to formal democracy. Accordingly, the article questions the extent to which the ideologies and institutions generated by and within Brazil's emerging neoliberal state are based upon-or perhaps lead to-the increased social exclusion (and in many cases the physical death) of kids who live on the streets.In the twilight years of a military dictatorship that lasted more than two decades, Brazil turned towards its children as both symbols of and actors in a new, democratic project that sought to promote the ideals of freedom and opportunity, while also maintaining social order and providing for the general welfare of the nation. As both metaphors for national development and future citizens whose obligations to the nation-state were in the process of formation, Brazilian children, in general, provided an ideal site for discussing the policies and institutions that would best care for and control the popular classes under democratic rule. The specific conditions of danger and deprivation that kids who lived on the streets at once experienced and represented placed this particular group of children at the center of debates about the potential benefits and risks of extending the rights and responsibilities of citizenship to all Brazilians-especially the poor and dark-skinned masses clamoring for recognition in the nation's emerging democratic con-

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Section: Minor Criminalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rights‐Bearing Street Kids: Icons of Hope and Despair in Brazil's Burgeoning Neoliberal State

Drybread

2009

Law & Policy

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How Latin America's History of Childhood Came of Age

Premo¹

2008

hcy

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Bianca Premo introduces readers in her complex, challenging essay to the field of childhood studies that emerged officially in Latin America in the 1990s. But, reiterating the theme of Joseph Hawes's "Hidden in Plain Sight," Premo lays out the substantially longer history of the field as scholars of family history, of slavery, of illegitimacy, and of gender have been actually tracking childhood and children for many decades. Premo delineates the interactions among these disciplines while also indicating some of the distinguishing characteristics of Latin American childhood. She introduces notions of "circulating" childhoods passed in a variety of institutions and contexts rather than within one family, and of children adjusting to the economic pressures of globalization by multiplying the meanings of family and in the process, gaining more mothers.-M.S.

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Child health in Latin America: historiographic perspectives and challenges

Birn

2007

Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos

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Patterns of child health and well-being in Latin America's past--have been assumed to be delayed and derivative of European and North Americanexperiences. Through an examination of recent historiography, this essay traces a more complex reality: interest in infant and child health in Latin America arose from a range of domestic and regional prerogatives. This attention was rooted in preColumbian cultures, then relegated to the private sphere during the colonial period, except for young public wards. Starting in the 19th century, professionals, reformers, and policy-makers throughout the region regarded child health as a matter central to building modern societies. Burgeoning initiatives were also linked to international priorities and developments, not through one-way diffusion but via ongoing interaction of ideas and experts. Despite pioneering approaches to children's rights and health in Latin America, commitment to child well-being has remained uneven, constrained in many settings by problematic political and economic conditions uch.

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Children of the Pátria: Representations of Childhood and Welfare State Ideologies at the 1922 Rio de Janeiro International Centennial Exposition

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Rights‐Bearing Street Kids: Icons of Hope and Despair in Brazil's Burgeoning Neoliberal State

Rights‐Bearing Street Kids: Icons of Hope and Despair in Brazil's Burgeoning Neoliberal State

How Latin America's History of Childhood Came of Age

Child health in Latin America: historiographic perspectives and challenges

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