Childhood retardation resulting in reduction of adult body size due to lesser adolescent skeletal delay

Frisancho, A. Roberto; Garn, Stanley M.; Ascoli, Werner

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330330306

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nutrition intervention in underdeveloped countries had a greater impact on length and weight than visibly ossified centers on X‐rays in children younger than 5 years, which the authors interpreted as an indication that malnutrition, by affecting maturation to a lesser extent than growth in body size, in effect limits the possibility of catch‐up growth, 8 as suggested in an earlier study, which concluded that growth retardation results in a reduction in adult size due to adolescent skeletal delay 10 …”

Section: Causes Of Growth Failure/growth Retardationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth Failure and Nutrition Considerations in Chronic Childhood Wasting Diseases

2014

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Growth failure is a common problem in many children with chronic diseases. This article is an overview of the most common causes of growth failure/growth retardation that affect children with a number of chronic diseases. We also briefly review the nutrition considerations and treatment goals. Growth failure is multifactorial in children with chronic conditions, including patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, congenital heart disease, human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome, and muscular dystrophies. Important contributory factors to growth failure include increased energy needs, increased energy loss, malabsorption, decreased energy intake, anorexia, pain, vomiting, intestinal obstruction, and inflammatory cytokines. Various metabolic and pathologic abnormalities that are characteristic of chronic diseases further lead to significant malnutrition and growth failure. In addition to treating disease-specific abnormalities, treatment should address the energy and protein deficits, including vitamin and mineral supplements to correct deficiencies, correct metabolic and endocrinologic abnormalities, and include long-term monitoring of weight and growth. Individualized, age-appropriate nutrition intervention will minimize the malnutrition and growth failure seen in children with chronic diseases.

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Section: Causes Of Growth Failure/growth Retardationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth Failure and Nutrition Considerations in Chronic Childhood Wasting Diseases

2014

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“…The cross-sectional, anthropometric analysis of nutritional status among preschoolers in Belize raises several issues. As certain authors have suggested (Garrow and Pike, 1967;Frisancho et al, 1970), it may be that children whose inherited rates of growth are more rapid are subject to greater morbidity and mortality in nutritionally stressful environments. In which case, a cross-sectional survey may reflect a bias toward more slowly growing children at any age.…”

Section: Biocultural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of growth and malnutrition among preschoolers in Belize

Jenkins

1981

American J Phys Anthropol

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An anthropometric survey of 750 preschoolers was conducted 1979 in Belize to assess nutritional status in two districts, one coastal and the other inland. Mothers were interviewed concerning reproductive history, child's health and dietary history, and associated factors. Analysis included the recognition of low arm circumference, weight-for-age, stature-for-age, and weight-for-stature. Survey results indicate that about 25% of the children, birth to 5 years old, show evidence of stunting, while 2.5% show evidence of wasting. Comparisons of rates of malnutrition by ethnic group reveal the Maya and Garifuna (Black Carib) children are significantly more commonly malnourished than others. Applying a discriminant function to groups of children designated as "poor" and "better-than-average" growth classes reveals several factors which may be contributory to the etiology of preschool malnutrition in Belize. the frequency of diarrhea and age at introduction to sold foods, are significantly related to growth retardation among preschoolers. Analysis of 24-hour-diet recalls corroborates the patterning of malnutrition among the ethnic groups.

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“…For example, the growth curve of cortical area is similar to that of bone length or stature . Moreover, it is known that malnutrition affects bone length or cortical breadth (Frisancho et al, 1971). Despite these limitations, it is reasonable to suppose that, under a controlled range of age and nutritional conditions , cross-sectional properties of the long bone diaphysis reflect loading circumstances (Bridge, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Asymmetry of the Humerus in Jomon People and Modern Japanese.

Sakaue

1997

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In the present study, I examined the bilateral asymmetries of several morphological characters of the humerus of 63 modern Japanese (male 46, female 17) and 40 Jomon people (male 20, female 20) with the aim of distinguishing between metric features that are strongly affected by mechanical loading and those that are not, and to discuss the loading conditions of the upper arms of Jomon people. The results were that the bilateral asymmetries of humeral length and all other measurements except for proximal epiphyseal breadth did not correlate significantly with asymmetries of diaphyseal geometric properties. Since the longitudinal growth of a long bone stops when its epiphyses are fused with the metaphyses while corticla remodelling goes on for life, the present results can be interpreted as follows: 1) Bilateral asymmetries in the longitudinal direction is likely to reflect the cumulative loading conditions to around an age of 20 years, and 2) bilateral asymmetries in the tranverse direction reflects loading conditions relatively close to the time of death. Regarding the loading conditions inferred for the upper arms of Jomon people, it is suggested that they were stronger than in modern Japanese and some hunter-gatherers (Amerindians). The loading conditions of the upper arms of Jomon people were also likely to be less asymmetric than in other populations, while differing considerably between sexes.

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Childhood retardation resulting in reduction of adult body size due to lesser adolescent skeletal delay

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Growth Failure and Nutrition Considerations in Chronic Childhood Wasting Diseases

Growth Failure and Nutrition Considerations in Chronic Childhood Wasting Diseases

Patterns of growth and malnutrition among preschoolers in Belize

Bilateral Asymmetry of the Humerus in Jomon People and Modern Japanese.

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