Childhood Maltreatment and Health Impact: The Examples of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

Basu, Archana; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Misra, Supriya; Koenen, Karestan C.

doi:10.1111/cpsp.12191

Cited by 111 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…5,16,17 A recent systematic review found that childhood maltreatment was associated with CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, coronary heart disease) in 91.7% (22 of 24) of published studies. 16 Research has also examined the relation between childhood adversity and risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. For example, several studies suggest that childhood adversity is associated with increased risk of hypertension and high blood pressure levels, although findings are mixed.…”

Section: Influence Of Childhood Adversity On Cardiometabolic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, several studies suggest that childhood adversity is associated with increased risk of hypertension and high blood pressure levels, although findings are mixed. 5,16,18 Other studies also suggest that there may be an association between childhood adversity and obesity. 3,19,20 A recent meta-analysis noted a positive association between childhood adversity and childhood-overweight measures in a pooled estimate of reviewed longitudinal studies.…”

Section: Influence Of Childhood Adversity On Cardiometabolic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 In addition, childhood adversity has been associated with increased risk of T2DM in adulthood. 16,22,23 …”

Section: Influence Of Childhood Adversity On Cardiometabolic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,16 Studies have documented a more consistent association between physical and sexual abuse and cardiometabolic disease risk compared with other specific forms of adversity. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Although some work has examined individual adverse experiences, other work has focused on the accumulation of these experiences and frequently demonstrates a dose-response relation with cardiometabolic risk.…”

Section: Severity Timing and Chronicity Of Childhood Adversity On Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiometabolic diseases constitute the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for men and women in the United States 12,13 and an escalating economic burden. 14,15 Our assessment draws from several recent systematic reviews focused on various forms of childhood adversity, including childhood maltreatment, 16 violence, 5 and cardiometabolic outcomes, to identify evidence gaps and to provide suggestions for future research needed to inform policy and practice. Our broad goal is to summarize evidence necessary to guide and inform multilevel interventions designed to prevent and mitigate childhood adversity and associated risk for cardiometabolic disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Suglia¹,

Koenen²,

et al. 2018

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Adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence, defined as subjectively perceived threats to the safety or security of the child's bodily integrity, family, or social structures, are known to be associated with cardiometabolic outcomes over the life course into adulthood. This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the scientific literature on the influence of childhood adversity on cardiometabolic outcomes that constitute the greatest public health burden in the United States, including obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. This statement also conceptually outlines pathways linking adversity to cardiometabolic health, identifies evidence gaps, and provides suggestions for future research to inform practice and policy. We note that, despite a lack of objective agreement on what subjectively qualifies as exposure to childhood adversity and a dearth of prospective studies, substantial evidence documents an association between childhood adversity and cardiometabolic outcomes across the life course. Future studies that focus on mechanisms, resiliency, and vulnerability factors would further strengthen the evidence and provide much-needed information on targets for effective interventions. Given that childhood adversities affect cardiometabolic health and multiple health domains across the life course, interventions that ameliorate these initial upstream exposures may be more appropriate than interventions remediating downstream cardiovascular disease risk factor effects later in life.

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Section: Influence Of Childhood Adversity On Cardiometabolic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Childhood Adversity On Cardiometabolic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 In addition, childhood adversity has been associated with increased risk of T2DM in adulthood. 16,22,23 …”

Section: Influence Of Childhood Adversity On Cardiometabolic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Severity Timing and Chronicity Of Childhood Adversity On Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Suglia¹,

Koenen²,

et al. 2018

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Key Updates to Understanding Roles of Childhood Trauma in Overall Health

Weleff

Potter

2023

AMA Journal of Ethics

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While adverse childhood experiences and trauma, including childhood abuse and neglect, have often been viewed from the lens of psychiatry, their influence on physical health, health behaviors, and factors that moderate health now garner more attention. This article reviews recent literature that has changed clinical and social viewpoints on child abuse and neglect and can be used as a primer to better understand (1) influences of child abuse and neglect on physical illness; (2) critical diagnostic advances relevant to persons who have experienced child abuse and neglect; and (3) ethical, research, and practical questions generated by these new understandings.The American Medical Association designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ available through the AMA Ed Hub TM . Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Trauma's Roles in HealthIncreasing attention is being paid to the impact of child abuse and neglect on health. The rapidly growing knowledge base on long-term outcomes of those exposed to child abuse and neglect in the form of both trauma and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as childhood economic hardship, 1 neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, discrimination, racism, household dysfunction, exposure to violence, parental mental illness, and parental substance use has warranted this attention. 2 These types of maltreatment have often been viewed only from the lens of psychiatry, but it is now clear that, beyond their impact on mental health, these experiences affect biological mechanisms that influence physical health, 3,4 health behaviors, and other factors that moderate good health, making it a general concern for all of health care and for those invested in improving health outcomes at large. Given these wide-ranging health impacts, health care systems and individual practitioners must be prepared to evaluate childhood maltreatment-related health concerns. Many clinicians feel unprepared to do this sort of work, and it was likely absent from their training. 5 This article aims to review recent core literature that has broadened medicine's understanding of the forms of child abuse and neglect. It also

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Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

et al. 2021

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xposure to adversity early in life has been linked to negative long-term health outcomes. The consequences in late life of these adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include different forms of abuse, household dysfunction, and neglect, are now recognized. 1,2 ACEs have been traditionally related to an increased risk of psychological disturbances and substance use disorders. 3 The landmark Adverse Childhood Experiences study, authored by Felitti and colleagues 2 20 years ago, was the first study to propose that ACEs are also associated with the development of chronic physical conditions in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since then, multiple studies have shown that traumatic events in childhood are associated with an increased likelihood of developing risk factors for CVD (eg, obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes) as well as CVD during the lifetime. 4 Interventions that mitigate the negative consequences of ACEs or prevent their initial onset may reduce the incidence of CVD. This narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding the association of ACEs with CVD and discusses possible pathophysiological mechanisms along with management approaches. ACE DefinitionACEs encapsulate a broad spectrum of traumatic and distressing events that threaten a child's physical, familial, or social safety and security before the age of 18 years. 4 These events may include direct mistreatment and neglect, exposure to household dysfunction, physical or sexual abuse, or violence. There are several methods of assessing ACEs. The initial Adverse Childhood Experiences study 2 introduced a 10-category ACE questionnaire to identify abuse, household dysfunction, or neglect up to age 18 years that is still used in its original and expanded versions. 5 Recently, additional factors, such as bullying, economic hardship, and loss of or severe disease in close persons, have also been recognized as ACEs (Table ). 6 ACEs tend to occur in clusters, such that individuals who experience at least 1 ACE are more likely to experience others, putting them at an even higher risk of poor future health. 7 Multiple ACEs may suggest a chaotic family environment that places not only individuals at risk but also family members, eliciting a potentially vicious cycle of intergenerational risk. 8 IMPORTANCE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially harmful events that occur during childhood, spanning neglect, physical or sexual abuse, parental separation, or death, among others. At least 50% of the US adult population has experienced 1 or more ACEs before the age of 18 years, but in clinical practice, ACEs remain underrecognized. Adults who have experienced ACEs are at increased risk of developing health risk behaviors and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes the evidence regarding the association of ACEs with CVD and the accompanying diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the adult population.OBSERVATIONS ACEs are commonly classified into 3 domains: abuse (psychological, phys...

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Childhood Maltreatment and Health Impact: The Examples of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

Cited by 111 publications

References 96 publications

Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Key Updates to Understanding Roles of Childhood Trauma in Overall Health

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

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