Childhood Fatalities in New Mexico: Medical Examiner‐Investigated Cases, 2000<b>–</b>2010

Lathrop, Sarah

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12106

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to Statistics SA, [4] the majority of infants in SA die from natural disease processes. Lathrop [16] indicated that natural causes were the most common cause of death among all age groups, accounting for 44.8% of all deaths, with 77% of these in infants. In 86 (9%) cases no cause of death could be ascertained at autopsy alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lathrop [16] indicated that 'complete medicolegal investigation of childhood fatalities is needed to provide public health agencies with adequate data to evaluate and prevent childhood deaths' . This author also suggests reporting the causes of death separately for each year of life rather than in groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All children aged 1 -20 years were included in the study, while infants (children <1 year of age) were excluded. The reasons for exclusion of such infants were twofold: (i) the report by Statistics SA indicated that the majority of deaths in infants are due to natural disease processes and previous studies conducted at the PMLL have indica ted that even in those admitted to medico-legal mortuaries, most deaths are due to natural causes, with respiratory tract infections being the most common; [4,15] and (ii) in international studies, such as the study by Lathrop [16] in New Mexico, 41.4% of all children ≤19 years admitted were infants, and they contributed 77% to all natural causes of death. The rationale for inclusion of children ≤20 years was that in the final year of school in SA, although the majority of children are aged 18, a proportion have repeated at least 1 year and in many instances 2 years at school.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Childhood and adolescent fatalities at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory: 2005 - 2009

2016

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Children and young adults (adolescents) are particularly vulnerable to inflicted and accidental fatal injuries. [1,2] The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) convention on the right of the child defines a child as 'a person below the age of 18, unless the laws of a particular country set the legal age for adulthood younger'. [3] According to Statistics South Africa (SA) (2008), [4] the leading underlying natural cause of death in children <14 years of age was intestinal infectious diseases (21.8% of deaths), followed by influenza and pneumonia-collectively accounting for a third of deaths in this age group. HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality, with a prevalence rate of 10.6% in SA in 2009, and an estimated 5.21 million people living with the disease. [5,6] Individuals aged between 15 and 24 years are recorded as having the highest incidence of the disease. In SA, the age group 15-49 years is most at risk for non-natural deaths, with 13.9% of deaths in this group being non-natural and the most common circumstance/external cause of death interpersonal violence (assault). [4] The high incidence of child fatalities due to road traffic accidents has been well documented worldwide. In San Diego, Fraga et al. [1] reported (in their study conducted at the medico-legal mortuary) that road traffic fatalites were the leading cause of accidental death (40.2% of cases). In Nebraska, Okoye and Okoye [7] reviewed medico-legal childhood deaths over a 7-year period and reported motor vehicle accidents as the cause of death in 23.6% of cases. In Brazil, Modelli et al., [8] reporting on deaths in children <12 years, found the leading external cause of death to be road traffic fatalities (22% of cases). In Nigeria, Nwafor et al. [9] reviewed deaths in children ≤14 years; in a 20-year period, road traffic accidents accounted for 74.6% of accidental deaths and 15.4% of total deaths. In SA, Bass et al. [10] reviewed children <14 years who presented to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town. They indicated that 430 children were involved as pedestrians in accidents over a 12-month period, with 106 fatalities. Deaths due to asphyxia in children was the second most common cause of death in the study by Fraga et al., [1] accounting for 22.7% of cases. Okoye and Okoye [7] indicated asphyxia mainly in children <5 years, with a total of 22 (15.7%) cases, and 7 (5%) cases of drowning. Modelli et al. [8] indicated asphyxia in 17% of cases. Homicides in children <18 years accounted for 24.2% of deaths in San Diego, [1] 5% in Nebraska, [7] 1.5% in Nigeria, [9] and 13% in Istanbul. [11] Suicide in children accounted for 9.4% of deaths in San Diego, [1] 13.6% in Nebraska, [7] and 7.4% in the Istanbul study. [11] Cases due to natural causes on completion of the medico-legal investigation of death and that were admitted to the medico-legal mortuaries mentioned in the abovementioned studies accounted for 30% of deaths in the Okoye and Okoye [7] study, 50% in the Modelli et al. [8] study, 77.5% in the Nwafor et al. [9] study, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood and adolescent fatalities at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory: 2005 - 2009

2016

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“…Diğer çalışmalar ile benzer olarak bu çalışmada da kaza sonucu ölümlerde çocukların çoğunun (%65,7) erkek olduğu saptanmıştır (8,10,12,(15)(16)(17). Bunun kız çocuklarına oranla erkeklerin daha hareketli ve meraklı bir yapıya sahip olmalarına ve ayrıca ev dışında daha fazla zaman geçirmelerine bağlı olduğu düşünülmüştür.…”

Section: Tablo 1 öLümlerin Orijininin Yaş Grupları Ve Cinsiyete Göreunclassified

“…Diğer çalışmalarda da kaza sonucu ölümlerin en fazla trafik kazalarına bağlı olduğu, sıralama değişmekle birlikte trafik kazalarını düşme, suda boğulma ve diğer asfiksiler, zehirlenme ile yanıkların izlediği belirtilmiştir (5,6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Bu çalışmada ayrıca trafik kazalarının sırasıyla en çok 5-9 ve 10-14 yaş gruplarında görüldüğü, 1-4 yaş grubunda ev kazalarının trafik kazalarından daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.…”

Section: Tablo 1 öLümlerin Orijininin Yaş Grupları Ve Cinsiyete Göreunclassified

Samsun’da Çocukluk Çağı Medikolegal Ölümler

Aydın¹,

Turla²,

Mutlu³

2014

Bull Leg Med

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Bu çalışmada; Samsun’da çocukluk çağı medikolegal ölüm olgularının genel özelliklerinin belirlenerek, önlenebilir sebeplerle meydana gelen çocukluk çağı ölümlerinin azaltılmasına yönelik çalışmalara katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır.Samsun’da 2006-2011 yılları arasındaki altı yıllık sürede postmortem incelemesi yapılan 0-18 yaş grubundaki 301 adli ölüm olgusu ile ilgili kayıtlar incelenmiştir. Veriler SPSS (version 20.0) istatistik programı yardımı ile değerlendirilmiştir.Çocukların %66,1’i erkektir. Yaş ortalaması 7,7±5,7 (0-18) yıldır ve en fazla (%26,6) olgu 1-4 yaş grubundadır. Adli soruşturma sonucunda çocukların %78,4’ünde ölümün orijininin kaza olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ölümün orijini kaza olan 236 çocuğun %47,4’ünün trafik kazası sonucu ölmüş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doğal ölüm olarak değerlendirilmiş 34 olguda ölüm nedeninin en sık (%47,1) enfeksiyon hastalıkları olduğu görülmüştür.Çocukluk çağında yaralanmaya bağlı ölümlerin büyük bir kısmının kazalar ve özellikle de trafik kazaları sonucu meydana gelmiş olduğu dikkate alındığında; bu ölümlerin basit ve kolay uygulanabilir önlemlerle önemli ölçüde azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Adli tıp, çocukluk çağı, medikolegal ölüm.

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Postmortem Computed Tomography in Firearm Homicides: A Retrospective Case Series,

Vester

Nolte

Hatch

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is integrated into the evaluation of decedents in several American medical examiner offices and medicolegal death investigative centers in many other countries. We retrospectively investigated the value of PMCT in a series of firearm homicide cases from a statewide centralized medical examiner’s office that occurred during 2016. Autopsies were performed or supervised by board‐certified forensic pathologists who reviewed the PMCT scans prior to autopsy. PMCT scans were re‐evaluated by a forensic radiologist blinded to the autopsy findings and scored by body region (head–neck, thoracoabdominal, and extremities). Injury discrepancies were scored using a modified Goldman classification and analyzed with McNemar’s test. We included 60 males and 20 females (median age 31 years, range 3–73). Based on PMCT, 56 (79.1%) cases had injuries relevant to the cause of death in a single body region (24 head–neck region, 32 thoracoabdominal region). Out of these 56 cases, 9 had a missed major diagnosis by PMCT outside that region, including 6 extremity injuries visible during standard external examination. Yet all had evident lethal firearm injury. We showed that PMCT identifies major firearm injuries in homicide victims and excludes injuries related to the cause of death in other regions when a single body region is injured. Although PMCT has a known limited sensitivity for soft tissue and vascular pathology, it can be combined with external examination to potentially reduce or focus dissections in some of these cases depending on the circumstances and medicolegal needs.

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Childhood Fatalities in New Mexico: Medical Examiner‐Investigated Cases, 2000–2010

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Childhood and adolescent fatalities at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory: 2005 - 2009

Childhood and adolescent fatalities at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory: 2005 - 2009

Samsun’da Çocukluk Çağı Medikolegal Ölümler

Postmortem Computed Tomography in Firearm Homicides: A Retrospective Case Series,

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