Childhood body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes throughout adult life—A large‐scale danish cohort study

Zimmermann, Esther; Bjerregaard, Lise G.; Gamborg, Michael; Vaag, Allan; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Baker, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1002/oby.21820

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, a fast growth in height between ages 7 and 15 years was associated with adult type 2 diabetes in this population . During childhood, height is positively correlated with birthweight and adiposity and we previously found that childhood body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ) is associated with adult type 2 diabetes . Therefore, the association between childhood height and type 2 diabetes may change depending on these factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…16 During childhood, height is positively correlated with birthweight and adiposity 17 and we previously found that childhood body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ) is associated with adult type 2 diabetes. 18 Therefore, the association between childhood height and type 2 diabetes may change depending on these factors. Furthermore, the association between BMI and type 2 diabetes is non-linear and potentially stronger for women than men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Height at Ages 7–13 Years in Relation to Developing Type 2 Diabetes Throughout Adult Life

Bjerregaard

Jensen

Baker

2017

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Height at Ages 7–13 Years in Relation to Developing Type 2 Diabetes Throughout Adult Life

Bjerregaard

Jensen

Baker

2017

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…Breastfeeding may have protective effects against later obesity in the child, and more so the longer the duration of breastfeeding although it remains controversial (Brion et al, ; Harder, Bergmann, Kallischnigg, & Plagemann, ; Horta, Loret de Mola, & Victora, ). Given clear links between body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adulthood and type 2 diabetes (Whitlock et al, ; Zimmermann et al, ), it is possible that breastfeeding reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood through an inverse association with BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given clear links between body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adulthood and type 2 diabetes (Whitlock et al, 2009;Zimmermann et al, 2017), it is possible that breastfeeding reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood through an inverse association with BMI.…”

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confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding duration in infancy and adult risks of type 2 diabetes in a high‐income country

Bjerregaard

Pedersen

Mortensen

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Observed associations between breastfeeding and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood may be confounded. We examined if the duration of breastfeeding in infancy was associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood after adjustment for a range of prenatal and postnatal risk factors. We prospectively followed 6,044 individuals from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort born 1959–1961. Duration of any breastfeeding (≤0.5, >0.5–1, >1–2, >2–4, >4 months) was assessed at the infant's 1‐year health examination. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes (at age ≥30 years, 237 persons) by breastfeeding duration without and with adjustment for parental social status and education, maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal diabetes and smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, parity, preterm birth, birth weight, sex, and BMI at ages 7 and 41–43 years. In the unadjusted analysis, compared with infants breastfed for ≤0.5 month, those breastfed for >4 months had a 51% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR = 0.49; 95% CI [0.32, 0.75]). After the stepwise adjustment for putative early life confounders, this was attenuated to a nonsignificant 31% reduced risk (HR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.44, 1.07]). Adjustment for childhood and adulthood BMI minimally changed the results. We found that the inverse association between the duration of breastfeeding and risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood is considerably weakened and no longer significant after adjustment for prenatal and postnatal factors in the infant and mother.

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“…In paediatric populations, obesity strongly associates with alterations in glucose metabolism, and impaired glucose metabolism and IR are observed not only in adults, but also in a large fraction of children with obesity [3, 4]. Furthermore, as increased BMI during childhood strongly correlates with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood [5], it is of great importance to identify risk factors potentially influencing or even mediating the link between childhood obesity and adult type 2 diabetes. Examination of factors predisposing to IR in clinical subsets of children who are overweight or obese is thus particularly relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adult-based insulin resistance genetic risk score associates with insulin resistance, metabolic traits and altered fat distribution in Danish children and adolescents who are overweight or obese

et al. 2018

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Aims/hypothesisA genetic risk score (GRS) consisting of 53 insulin resistance variants (GRS53) was recently demonstrated to associate with insulin resistance in adults. We speculated that the GRS53 might already associate with insulin resistance during childhood, and we therefore aimed to investigate this in populations of Danish children and adolescents. Furthermore, we aimed to address whether the GRS associates with components of the metabolic syndrome and altered body composition in children and adolescents.MethodsWe examined a total of 689 children and adolescents who were overweight or obese and 675 children and adolescents from a population-based study. Anthropometric data, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, BP, fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin and fasting plasma lipid measurements were obtained, and HOMA-IR was calculated. The GRS53 was examined for association with metabolic traits in children by linear regressions using an additive genetic model.ResultsIn overweight/obese children and adolescents, the GRS53 associated with higher HOMA-IR (β = 0.109 ± 0.050 (SE); p = 2.73 × 10−2), fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.010 ± 0.005 mmol/l; p = 2.51 × 10−2) and systolic BP SD score (β = 0.026 ± 0.012; p = 3.32 × 10−2) as well as lower HDL-cholesterol (β = −0.008 ± 0.003 mmol/l; p = 1.23 × 10−3), total fat-mass percentage (β = −0.143 ± 0.054%; p = 9.15 × 10−3) and fat-mass percentage in the legs (β = −0.197 ± 0.055%; p = 4.09 × 10−4). In the population-based sample of children, the GRS53 only associated with lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations (β = −0.007 ± 0.003 mmol/l; p = 1.79 × 10−2).Conclusions/interpretationAn adult-based GRS comprising 53 insulin resistance susceptibility SNPs associates with insulin resistance, markers of the metabolic syndrome and altered fat distribution in a sample of Danish children and adolescents who were overweight or obese.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-018-4640-0) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

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Childhood body mass index and development of type 2 diabetes throughout adult life—A large‐scale danish cohort study

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Height at Ages 7–13 Years in Relation to Developing Type 2 Diabetes Throughout Adult Life

Height at Ages 7–13 Years in Relation to Developing Type 2 Diabetes Throughout Adult Life

Breastfeeding duration in infancy and adult risks of type 2 diabetes in a high‐income country

An adult-based insulin resistance genetic risk score associates with insulin resistance, metabolic traits and altered fat distribution in Danish children and adolescents who are overweight or obese

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