Breastfeeding duration in infancy and adult risks of type 2 diabetes in a high‐income country

Abstract

Observed associations between breastfeeding and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood may be confounded. We examined if the duration of breastfeeding in infancy was associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood after adjustment for a range of prenatal and postnatal risk factors. We prospectively followed 6,044 individuals from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort born 1959–1961. Duration of any breastfeeding (≤0.5, >0.5–1, >1–2, >2–4, >4 months) was assessed at the infant's 1‐year health examination. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes (at age ≥30 years, 237 persons) by breastfeeding duration without and with adjustment for parental social status and education, maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal diabetes and smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, parity, preterm birth, birth weight, sex, and BMI at ages 7 and 41–43 years. In the unadjusted analysis, compared with infants breastfed for ≤0.5 month, those breastfed for >4 months had a 51% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR = 0.49; 95% CI [0.32, 0.75]). After the stepwise adjustment for putative early life confounders, this was attenuated to a nonsignificant 31% reduced risk (HR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.44, 1.07]). Adjustment for childhood and adulthood BMI minimally changed the results. We found that the inverse association between the duration of breastfeeding and risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood is considerably weakened and no longer significant after adjustment for prenatal and postnatal factors in the infant and mother.

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