Childhood asthma in four regions in Scandinavia: risk factors and avoidance effects

Forsberg, Bertil; Pekkanen, Juha; Clench‐Aas, Jocelyne; Mårtensson, MB; Stjernberg, N; Bartoňová, Alena; Timonen, K.L.; Skerfving, Staffan

doi:10.1093/ije/26.3.610

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the association between a family history of asthma and incident asthma in the present study was weaker than that described in other studies, among children [5,30] and adults [2,6]. Further, a family history of asthma and a positive skin-prick test result had less influence on the risk of asthma among females compared with males.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults

Rönmark

Andersson²,

Nyström³

et al. 2005

European Respiratory Journal

200

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The annual incidence of asthma in adults in northern Sweden has been estimated at 2.3 per thousand population. Risk factors for incident asthma among adults were studied in a case-referent study based on incident cases of asthma during 1995-1999.The healthcare providers reported suspected cases of incident asthma. After clinical examination, 309 (65% female) of 473 reported subjects were included. Inclusion criteria were a history of incident asthma (onset ,12 months) and verified bronchial variability. Referents were randomly selected and stratified by age, sex and area of residence.The significant risk factors were hay fever, a family history of asthma, ex-smoking status and elevated body mass index (25.0-29.9 and o30). The risk factor pattern was similar for females and males, and increased body mass index was a significant risk factor for both males and females, as well as for allergic and nonallergic subjects.In conclusion, in addition to hay fever, a family history of asthma, allergic sensitisation and exsmoking status, increased body mass index was a significant risk factor for incident asthma independent of sex and allergic status.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…A family history of asthma was a significant risk factor, as reported in other studies of asthma in similar [5,6] and other populations [3,30]. However, the association between a family history of asthma and incident asthma in the present study was weaker than that described in other studies, among children [5,30] and adults [2,6].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults

Rönmark

Andersson²,

Nyström³

et al. 2005

European Respiratory Journal

200

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, combined in utero plus postnatal exposures did not increase risk of asthma beyond in utero exposures alone. The finding that maternal smoking during pregnancy has a stronger relationship to asthma onset than later ETS exposures was supported by several other studies that separated maternal in utero exposures from postnatal exposures (77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82). It is conceivable that in utero exposures to ETS shifts the immune response toward a T H 2-type pattern as a result of the adjuvant action of PAH components interacting with in utero allergen exposures, which are now believed to lead to atopic sensitization before birth (83,84).…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Pollutant Mixtures Containing Pahmentioning

confidence: 62%

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

268

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Outdoor ambient air pollutant exposures in communities are relevant to the acute exacerbation and possibly the onset of asthma. However, the complexity of pollutant mixtures and etiologic heterogeneity of asthma has made it difficult to identify causal components in those mixtures. Occupational exposures associated with asthma may yield clues to causal components in ambient air pollution because such exposures are often identifiable as single-chemical agents (e.g., metal compounds). However, translating occupational to community exposure-response relationships is limited. Of the air toxics found to cause occupational asthma, only formaldehyde has been frequently investigated in epidemiologic studies of allergic respiratory responses to indoor air, where general consistency can be shown despite lower ambient exposures. The specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in association with occupational asthma are generally not the same as those in studies showing respiratory effects of VOC mixtures on nonoccupational adult and pediatric asthma. In addition, experimental evidence indicates that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures linked to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have proinflammatory effects on airways, but there is insufficient supporting evidence from the occupational literature of effects of DEPs on asthma or lung function. In contrast, nonoccupational epidemiologic studies have frequently shown associations between allergic responses or asthma with exposures to ambient air pollutant mixtures with PAH components, including black smoke, high home or school traffic density (particularly truck traffic), and environmental tobacco smoke. Other particle-phase and gaseous co-pollutants are likely causal in these associations as well. Epidemiologic research on the relationship of both asthma onset and exacerbation to air pollution is needed to disentangle effects of air toxics from monitored criteria air pollutants such as particle mass. Community studies should focus on air toxics expected to have adverse respiratory effects based on biological mechanisms, particularly irritant and immunological pathways to asthma onset and exacerbation.

show abstract

“…Det er ikke påvist at komponenter i utendørsluften forårsaker astma (50). Studier i Norden og andre europeiske land viser også at det å vaere bosatt i byen sammenlignet med på landet ikke klart øker risikoen for astma (51)(52)(53)(54)(55). Slike studier er også gjennomført i Norge (23,56).…”

Section: Luftforurensningunclassified

Astma

Nystad¹

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Telefon: 22 04 23 94 telefax: 22 04 23 51 E-post: wenche.nystad@folkehelsa.no INNLEDNINGAstma er betegnelsen på et syndrom med flere undergrupper som er blant de hyppigste sykdommene i Norge (1). Nyere befolkningsstudier viser også at antall personer som rapporterer at de har astma øker (2-7). Det betyr at astma i fremtiden vil vaere hyppigere blant norske kvinner enn tidligere. I den forbindelse er det blant annet viktig å kjenne til hvordan astmaen kan virke på graviditeten, betydningen av morens astma på fosteret, fødselens forløp og barnets tilstand før og etter fødselen. I tillegg kan det vaere vesentlig å vaere bevisst at enkelte kvinner kan ha astmaplager som påvirkes av menstruasjonssyklus (8,9). Unge kvinner med astma kan også ha en rekke spørsmål som knytter seg til astma og seksuell aktivitet samt bruk av prevensjon. HVA ER ASTMA?Astma er en klinisk diagnose som baserer seg på informasjon om gjentatte episoder av hoste og/eller pusteproblemer i form av tetthet, pipende eller tung pust. Ytringsformene er mange. Det er gjort flere forsøk på å definere diagnosen naermere. Siden 1959 har alle definisjonene vektlagt at det som kjennetegner astma er en utbredt og variabel forsnevring av luftveiene (luftveisobstruksjon) (10-12). I astmaens natur ligger denne variabiliteten. Det vil også si at den enkelte pasient kan ha gode og dårlige perioder, og at sykdommen kan arte seg forskjellig fra pasient til pasient.I dag regnes astma som en betennelsessykdom i luftveiene (12). Hos følsomme individer forårsaker den utbredte betennelsen luftveissymptomer som er assosiert med variabel luftveisobstruksjon. Denne betennelsen fører til økt følsomhet i luftveiene (økt bronkial reaktivitet) overfor en rekke stimuli.Astma kan svaert forenklet deles i allergisk og ikkeallergisk astma. Uspesifikke agens som kan gi symptomer hos de fleste astmatikere, såvel allergiske som ikke-allergiske, er anstrengelse, kulde, tobakksrøyk, infeksjoner, sterke lukter, m.m. Med uspesifikk menes her stimuli som leder til obstruksjon gjennom ikkeallergiske mekanismer. For pasienter med allergisk astma fremkalles obstruksjonen også gjennom spesifikke stimuli som for eksempel bjørkepollen, gresspollen, pelsdyr, muggsopp m.m. Med spesifikk menes her stimuli som leder til obstruksjon gjennom allergiske mekanismer.Å stille diagnosen astma kan vaere enkelt når man ser det akutte anfallet eller får beskrevet en typisk sykehistorie. Når mange personer skal undersøkes som i befolkningsstudier må man ty til enkle operasjonelle definisjoner. Hvordan måle astma?Flere operasjonelle definisjoner på astma kan benyttes. Det er vanlig å spørre om omfanget av forskjellige typer pusteproblemer (13,14). Andre kriterier basert på lungefunksjonsmåling målinger av følsomheten i luftveiene og allergitest benyttes også (13,14). Det er imidlertid flere problemer som knytter seg til det å definere astma i befolkningsundersøkelser. Det er vanskelig å komme frem til en spesifikk definisjon av sykdommen som klart avgrenser den fra andre lignende luftveissykdommer. For det an...

show abstract

Childhood asthma in four regions in Scandinavia: risk factors and avoidance effects

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults

Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Astma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About