Childhood Adversities and Later Economic Hardship among Swedish Child Welfare Clients: Cumulative Disadvantage or Disadvantage Saturation?

Lif, Evelina Fridell; Brännström, Lars; Vinnerljung, Bo; Hjern, Anders

doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcw167

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Individuals with cumulative ACEs are more likely to experience economic hardships such as poverty, lower earnings, and food insecurity relative to individuals without ACEs. 14,42 -46 For example, recent evidence suggests that individuals who were exposed to adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience chronic poverty compared to individuals without adversities. 47,48 Given poverty is a well-documented predictor of morbidity and mortality, 49 -53 it is possible that the linkage between cumulative ACEs and adult health can, at least, partially be explained by cumulative poverty status in adulthood.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical and Mental Health of Adults: Assessing the Mediating Role of Cumulative Life Course Poverty

2020

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Objectives: Research has linked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a host of negative health outcomes in adulthood. However, most existing studies focused on traumatic ACEs and used samples collected from a specific geographic unit (e.g., region, city, or state). This study examines the association between non-traumatic ACEs and health outcomes (i.e., self-rated health and psychological well-being) in adulthood, and assesses the extent to which the cumulative life course poverty accounts for these associations between ACEs and health. Data Source: Public and de-identified data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (1968-2013) and its Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS) (2014) ( N = 7,126) were used. Episode and severity of childhood adversities of respondents were determined by using comprehensive retrospective circumstance measures. Methods: Multivariate regression models were used to analyze the associations between ACEs and adult health. Mediation analysis was employed to assess the extent to which the associations were explained by cumulative life course poverty. Data analysis was carried out in 2019 using STATA 15. Results: We found that episode and severity of ACEs were associated with increased risk of poor health and psychological distress. Compared to individuals with no ACEs, one unit increase in the ACE index is associated with 8 and 18 percent increase in the risk of poor health and psychological distress, respectively. A small proportion (4%) of the impact of early adversities on health is attributable to the proportion of adult lifetime spent in poverty. Conclusions: Non-traumatic ACEs are associated with increased risk for poor health and psychological distress. Life course cumulative experience in poverty accounts for a small portion of the associations. Providing support to prevent ACEs may have long-term health benefits.

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Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical and Mental Health of Adults: Assessing the Mediating Role of Cumulative Life Course Poverty

2020

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“…In their review, Kääriälä and Hiilamo (2017) suggest three mechanisms that explain the adverse educational and employment outcomes of those ageing out of care. Firstly, the birth families of those ageing out of care tend to have more adversities which accumulate over time and have long‐term consequences on the children (Fridell Lif et al, 2016). Secondly, being placed out of the birth home can be an adversity on its own due to recognized issues with the quality of care (Maclean et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational attainment and employment of young adults ageing out of care: A registry study based on the Finnish birth cohort 1987

Pasanen

Keski‐Säntti

Hilli

et al. 2023

Child & Family Social Work

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Adolescents growing up outside their birth homes are at major risk for multiple adversities in early adulthood, including low education and unemployment. The transition from out-of-home placement to independent living overlaps with the transition from school to work and higher education. However, the support during this critical phase is often inadequate. Adolescents ageing out of care are also more likely to have faced adversities in their birth families. Yet, the interplay between different risk factors and having aged out of care has gained little attention. This study aimed to assess known risk factors for low education and unstable employment and their interaction with ageing out of care, controlling for birth-home-related adversities.We assessed this topic using logistic and linear regression modelling based on the Finnish birth cohort 1987 (n = 59 476) registry. Our analysis showed that obtaining upper secondary and higher education was much less likely among those ageing out of care, and they had spent 52-80 fewer days annually in employment after graduation. Few interactions with other risk factors were, however, found. Efforts are needed to prevent inequalities in education and employment for those ageing out of care in the transition phase from school to work.

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“…Multiple pathways may contribute to observed linkages between ACE and future food insecurity. Cumulative disadvantage theory posits that adversities tend to cluster and mount up over the life course ( 11 , 12 ) . In line with this theory, there is evidence that individuals with ACE have greater social adversities in adulthood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and food insecurity in emerging adulthood: findings from the EAT 2010–2018 study

Larson

Mason

Bruening

et al. 2023

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor health outcomes in adulthood. Determining how ACEs may be linked to food insecurity among young people from socioeconomically diverse households can inform health-protective strategies. This study examined if ACEs are associated with food insecurity during the transition to adulthood, and investigated prevalence differences across SES strata. Setting: Participants were recruited from 20 secondary schools in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Participants: The analytic sample (n1,518) completed classroom surveys in 2009-2010 (mean age14.5 years) and follow-up surveys in 2017-2018 (mean age22.0 years). Design: Past-year food insecurity was reported at both time points and ACEs were reported at follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate emerging adult food insecurity prevalence by ACE exposure; models were stratified by childhood SES (low, middle, high). Results: The adjusted prevalence of food insecurity was 45.3% among emerging adults who reported three or more ACEs compared to 23.6% among those with one or two ACEs, and 15.5% among those with no ACE (P<0.001). All forms of ACEs were related to an elevated prevalence of food insecurity in emerging adulthood. ACE-food insecurity associations were strongest for emerging adults from lower and middle SES households. Among emerging adults from low SES households, childhood experiences of emotional abuse and substance use by a household member were associated with the largest prevalence differences in food insecurity. Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for trauma-informed services within food assistance programs to better serve individuals with a history of ACEs.

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Childhood Adversities and Later Economic Hardship among Swedish Child Welfare Clients: Cumulative Disadvantage or Disadvantage Saturation?

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical and Mental Health of Adults: Assessing the Mediating Role of Cumulative Life Course Poverty

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Physical and Mental Health of Adults: Assessing the Mediating Role of Cumulative Life Course Poverty

Educational attainment and employment of young adults ageing out of care: A registry study based on the Finnish birth cohort 1987

Adverse childhood experiences and food insecurity in emerging adulthood: findings from the EAT 2010–2018 study

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