Child psychiatry in war-time Britain.

Bodman, Frank

doi:10.1037/h0057881

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Its subjects were children in Israeli towns subjected to frequent shellings from across the border in the period following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Children's behavior under wartime stresses has been studied extensively during World War II (e.g., Bordman, 1944;Brander, 1943;Despert, 1942;Freud & Burlingham, 1942;Solomon, 1942). In all researches of this period, the interest centered around questions of clinical interest, in particular, ones regarding the scope and the nature of pathological symptoms occurring under war-induced stressful circumstances such as air raids, bombardments, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Children's psychological reactions to wartime stress.

Ziv

Kruglanski²,

Shulman³

1974

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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This research studied the psychological reactions of children in Israeli settlements subjected to frequent artillery shellings in the period following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. It was found that the shelled children exhibited greater degree of locale patriotism, greater degree of covert aggression, and greater appreciation for the personality trait of courage than did the nonshelled controls. No differences between the shelled and the nonshelled groups emerged with respect to attitudes toward the war, desire for peace, and overt aggressiveness toward the enemy. The findings above were interpreted as reflecting an active process of coping with stress in children of the shelled settlements. Furthermore, the specific modes of coping seemed to be partly affected by the prevailing social norms.

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confidence: 99%

Children's psychological reactions to wartime stress.

Ziv

Kruglanski²,

Shulman³

1974

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Mental illness was found in children who had been evacuated from a Bristol hospital during a night raid; 61% showed signs of strain from 3 weeks to 2 months afterwards, and 11% had symptoms at 7 months. 84 Therefore, by 1943, a picture of children who lived in heavily bombed areas with chronic anxiety symptoms had begun to emerge. 85 In the postconflict period, a study by Charlotte Carey-Trefzer 86 followed up 212 children who had presented to the Great Ormond Street Hospital's Child Guidance Clinic between 1942 and 1946, "in which the war was mentioned in connection with the child's distress".…”

Section: Effects Of Lockdown On the Mental Health Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the Blitz compared: mental health outcomes in the UK

Jones

2021

The Lancet Psychiatry

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The Blitz narrative of resilience stands in contrast to the mental health risks identified as consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although evidence from then-classified studies of World War 2 showed that most people managed the stress of bombing, those vulnerable and exposed to substantial trauma had lasting or severe mental illness. Studies of different towns and occupational groups identified the proportion of people killed and wounded, the percentage of housing destroyed, and the loss of paid employment as risk factors for psychological breakdown. Mothers and children suffered not only with evacuation, but also from the trauma of bombing and damage to schools. A general association between civilian physical and psychological casualties suggests that population groups with high rates of infection and mortality might be susceptible to mental illness as a result of the pandemic. Lockdown and distancing measures contrast with the wartime sense of belonging and shared identity, reinforced by community networks and social activities.

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“…Some clinicians did recognize the adverse impact of air raids on children, and the common delay in the onset of symptoms that often hampered diagnoses, but the majority of studies focused their concern on the perceived harms of the mass evacuation schemes at the start of the war, where many young children were separated from their families for extended periods of time (e.g. Bodman 1944;Pritchard and Rosenzweig 1942). There was also a related strand of work looking at play therapy for children affected by the war, a field developed in interesting directions by Marie Paneth in her work with violent and disruptive young people playing on bombsites that contributed to the adventure playground movement, discussed briefly in Chapter 4 (and see Paneth 1944).…”

Section: Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Cultures of Childhood in Second World War Britain

Moshenska¹

2019

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How do children cope when their world is transformed by war? This book draws on memory narratives to construct an historical anthropology of childhood in Second World Britain, focusing on objects and spaces such as gas masks, air raid shelters and bombed-out buildings. In their struggles to cope with the fears and upheavals of wartime, with families divided and familiar landscapes lost or transformed, children reimagined and reshaped these material traces of conflict into toys, treasures and playgrounds. This study of the material worlds of wartime childhood offers a unique viewpoint into an extraordinary period in history with powerful resonances across global conflicts into the present day.Modern warfare is a unique cultural phenomenon. While many conflicts in history have produced dramatic shifts in human behaviour, the industrialized nature of modern war possesses a material and psychological intensity that embodies the extremes of our behaviours, from the total economic mobilization of a nation state to the unbearable pain of individual loss. Fundamentally, war is the transformation of matter through the agency of destruction, and the character of modern technological warfare is such that it simultaneously creates and destroys more than any previous kind of conflict.The material culture of modern wars can be small (a bullet, machine-gun or gas mask), intermediate (a tank, aeroplane, or war memorial), and large (a battleship, a museum, or an entire contested landscape). All share one defining featurethey are artefacts, the product of human activity rather than natural processes. In this sense, for example, the First World War's Western Front is as much a cultural artefact as a Second World War V2 rocket, a cold war early-warning radar station, wartime factories and bombed buildings, as are photographs, diaries, films, war souvenirs, and a host of conflict-related art forms. Similarly artefactual, though not always understood as such, are peoplethe war-maimed (sometimes fitted with prostheses), war refugees and their camps, collectors of memorabilia, and the post-conflict 'presence of absence' in towns and cities of large numbers of missing men, women and children. Each in their own waythrough objects, memories, attitudes and actionsperpetuate different engagements with conflict and its painful and enduring aftermath.The material culture of conflict offers a field of study which is both rich and fiercely relevant to the world which we inhabit. Wars and other forms of conflict have formed that world. Today we still live in the shadow of two world wars which set new standards for extremes of violence, and violent conflicts remain in progress across the globe as this series of books is inaugurated. These events have created a truly massive volume of material culture. The ways in which people engage with it is conditioned by society's equivocal attitude to violent conflict itself. As John Keegan wrote, 'We are cultural animals and it is the richness of our culture which allows us to accept our undoubted potentiali...

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Child psychiatry in war-time Britain.

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Children's psychological reactions to wartime stress.

Children's psychological reactions to wartime stress.

COVID-19 and the Blitz compared: mental health outcomes in the UK

Material Cultures of Childhood in Second World War Britain

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