Child passenger fatality: Child restraint system usage and contributing factors among the youngest passengers from 2011 to 2015

Lee, Grace; Pope, Caitlin N.; Nwosu, Ann; McKenzie, Lara B.; Zhu, Motao

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2019.04.001

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many studies and studies devoted to the analysis of accidents involving children show how important it is for safety reasons to transport children in child seats [6][7][8]. Scientists also pay attention to choosing the right vehicle seat and properly fastening the child.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory studies of the influence of the working position of the passenger vehicle air suspension on the vibration comfort of children transported in the child restraint system

2021

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The article presents the results of laboratory tests on the influence of the choice of the vehicle suspension position and the method of mounting child seats on the vibration comfort of children transported in them. Two child seats were used in the work. The B seat was attached to the vehicle with the ISOfix system, while the A seat was attached in the classic way (with seat belts). During the tests, the values of vertical vibrations were recorded on the seats of child seats, the rear seat of the vehicle and on the basis of ISOfix. The analyzed systems, depending on the method of mounting a child seat, may be characterized by two different vibration transmission chains. They depend on the method of fixing the child seat (the classic way of fixing the seat and the ISOFIX system). The article presents the results of empirical tests carried out at the EUSAMA SA.640 stand, which in these tests acted as a vibration generator with a frequency of 0 to 25 Hz. The analysis of the obtained results confirmed the observations published in previous articles about the negative impact of the use of the ISOfix base on the vibrational comfort of children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory studies of the influence of the working position of the passenger vehicle air suspension on the vibration comfort of children transported in the child restraint system

2021

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“…Most scientists confirm that one of the main causes of serious injuries and even death of children involved in road accidents is incorrectly fastening the child in the seat. The paper [1] presents an analysis of accidents involving children up to the age of three, which occurred in the USA in 2011-2015. The authors found that more than half of the children involved in these accidents were not properly restrained in the vehicle seat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Tests of the Control of the Child Seats using Method for the Vibration Comfort of Children Transported in Them

Frej¹,

Zuska²,

Szumska³

2021

Communications

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The article presents results of the laboratory studies of the impact of the child seats mounting method on the vibration comfort of children transported in them. The tested child seats were mounted forward facing the rear seat of a passenger car. The A seat was fastened with the ISOFIX base, while the B seat was fastened with standard car seat belts. During the tests, values of the vertical vibrations were measured on the seat of the child seat, the rear seat of the vehicle and the ISOFIX base. It was noted that the analyzed system, may be characterized by two different vibration transmission chains, which depend on the child seat mounting system (classic seat mounting system and ISOFIX system). These studies show the negative impact of using the ISOFIX base, which is confirmed by the Root Mean Square (RMS) values and the Vibration Dose Value (VDV), determined for the "A" seat secured with the ISOFIX base that were higher than the RMS and VDV for the "B" classic mounted seat.

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“…However, it is still too early to conclude that the problem of child-related traffic safety has been solved. Automotive crashes, until present day, remain one of the leading causes of preventable injury and death for children from newborn to 10 years of age, despite advancement in legislation and public awareness [5,6]. It is even more urgent to take effective measures to control infant and child mortality brought about by traffic accidents especially in developing countries [7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To a great extent, the effectiveness of CRS depends upon the correct installation of CRS in the vehicle, the appropriate restraining of the child in the CRS, and the appropriate use of CRS [6]. Among the factors that influence the effectiveness related to child occupant's safety closely, the correctness of CRS installation is often neglected or cannot be achieved for the fact that there are various types of CRS and different kinds of installation methods which involve usage of seatbelts, ISO-FIX and LATCH, devices seemingly easy to use but inducing the state of user's manipulation at will and regardless of whether the devices designed to restrain the CRS are used in the right way [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Injury Potential of Three-year-old Child Occupants Caused by Inappropriate Installation of Enhanced Child Restraint System with Top Tether in Frontal Crash Accidents

Wei

2021

JERT

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Objective: Frontal crash accidents remain a significant factor in causing the preventable injury and fatality for child occupants aged 3 in China. Despite the increased public awareness and utilization of child restraint system (CRS), inappropriate installations still exist and lead to a potential to result in injuries of head, thorax and abdomen regions of child occupants, especially when it comes to enhanced child restraint system (ECRS) with top tether. The current study focuses on the influence of top tether upon safety performance of ECRS with top tether in dynamic tests with different set-ups and explores the relationship between inappropriate installation of ECRS with top tether and the injury potential of child occupants aged 3 in a frontal crash. Methods: A testing scheme including 4 dynamic tests was devised to ascertain the extent to which the top tether affected the accelerations of thorax, the abdominal penetration and the head displacements. Different kinds of acceleration curves were employed to conduct the tests and to simulate the real status and situation of child occupants aged 3 in the CRS installed with top tether and without top tether respectively. Parameters of accelerations, abdominal penetrations, and head displacements were measured to analyze quantitatively the influence of inappropriate installations of ECRS with top tether under different conditions. Results: The safety performance of ECRS with the use of top tether was found better than that of ECRS without the use of top tether either in the normal condition or in the extreme condition. The test using the acceleration curves defined by regulations, the accelerations of thorax, abdominal penetrations, and head displacements of P3 manikin in the ECRS with the top tether connected to the anchor point revealed results that all met the requirements. While in the test using acceleration curves of the same kind, and when the top tether was not connected, the parameters measured displayed that the safety performance of the sample was worse than the former one. As for the tests using the more severe acceleration curves defined at will, it was more obvious that top tether could affect the function and safety performance of ECRS greatly, and the functional failure and severe damages occurred to the ECRS without the use of top tether. ECRS with the use of top tether was partly qualified even under the more severe conditions. Conclusions: Inappropriate installation of ECRS such as omitting the step of connecting top tether to anchor point could cause severe injuries and fatalities in frontal crash accidents. Effective measures should be taken to minimize the chances of inappropriate installations of ECRS.

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Child passenger fatality: Child restraint system usage and contributing factors among the youngest passengers from 2011 to 2015

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Laboratory studies of the influence of the working position of the passenger vehicle air suspension on the vibration comfort of children transported in the child restraint system

Laboratory studies of the influence of the working position of the passenger vehicle air suspension on the vibration comfort of children transported in the child restraint system

Laboratory Tests of the Control of the Child Seats using Method for the Vibration Comfort of Children Transported in Them

Analysis of Injury Potential of Three-year-old Child Occupants Caused by Inappropriate Installation of Enhanced Child Restraint System with Top Tether in Frontal Crash Accidents

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