Child mortality in Central Asia: social policy, agriculture and the environment

Franz, Jennifer; FitzRoy, Felix R.

doi:10.1080/02634930701210476

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A low level of health was found in 35% of both urban and rural students in grades 10 and 11, that is, about a third of high school students in schools in the Aral region already have chronic health disorders associated with functional insufficiency of the cardiovascular system (Robinson index and Rufe) and lung capacity development deficiency (LI index). The main reasons for this state of health is the ecological distress of the region of residence [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The obtained data are consistent with the statistical materials of the official structures of Kazakhstan, indicating a catastrophic increase in the overall incidence of the adolescent population in the Aral region [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Over the past 10 years, adolescents have been diagnosed with an increase in blood and hematopoietic diseases, immunity disorders, iron deficiency anemia, exceeding the national average by 2 times. So, if in Kazakhstan the number of such diseases is 3,792.2 cases, respectively, per 100,000 adolescents, in children aged 15 to 17 years living in the Kyzylorda region, suffering from anemia, diseases of the blood and the immune system amounted to 7,976.8 cases, which 2 times more than the average Republican indicators [15][16][17][18][19]. At the same time, there was an increase in the number of children with blood diseases and immune reactivity living in rural areas by 46%, with signs of iron deficiency anemia by 24.1% more than among urban adolescents [16].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Health of the Younger Generation of the Population of the Aral Sea Region

Bakhtiyarova¹,

Zhaksymov²,

Kapysheva³

2019

Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being in Modern Society (ICHW 2019)

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Data were obtained on the somatic health of schoolchildren in Kyzylorda (100 people) and rural schools-Syrdariya district (71 people) and Zhalagash district (114 people) located in the central part of the Aral Sea region. The weight, height, lung capacity, blood pressure, and heart rate were determined according to the health scale method. It is shown that only a third of high school students (18% of urban school students and 29% of rural schoolchildren) in the Aral Sea region have a high and above average level of health. More than 46% of urban schoolchildren and 36% of rural students showed an average level of health, the indicators of the remaining 35-36% of high school students corresponded to a low level of health. This state of health shows a high likelihood of developing chronic health disorders associated with functional insufficiency of the cardiovascular system (low levels of Robinson and Rufe indexes), lack of lung capacity (Quality of Life Index), underdevelopment of the muscular system and an increasing tendency to increase body fat components.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Health of the Younger Generation of the Population of the Aral Sea Region

Bakhtiyarova¹,

Zhaksymov²,

Kapysheva³

2019

Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being in Modern Society (ICHW 2019)

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“…However, child malnutrition, although diminished, is still a major problem and is often measured in terms of the stunting of children under 5 years (FAO 2015:9;Franz and Fitzroy 2006;Gassmann 2011). Poverty is also the main 'push' factor for rural-urban and cross-border migration (in particular from Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan-Uzbekistan towards Kazakhstan-Russian Federation), together with the 'pull' factor of much higher wages/ incomes in the capital cities and the receiving countries (OECD 2015; UNDP 2015).…”

Section: Capital-city Centric Growth: the Urban-rural Dividementioning

confidence: 99%

25 Years of Rural Development in post-Soviet Central Asia: Sustaining Inequalities

Spoor¹

2018

Eastern European Countryside

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To show that post-Soviet rural development in Central Asia has been confronted with sustained inequalities, three particular factors are analysed in this paper have being viewed as fundamental in influencing national and rural development. Firstly, most countries have based their growth models on economic nationalism (not only creating borders and national institutions, but also choosing inward-looking strategies), while leaning one-sidedly on their natural resource wealth (carbohydrates such as oil, natural gas and minerals, but also industrial crops like cotton). Secondly, and related to the first explanatory factor, the region has been struck by hidden and open resource-based conflicts, in particular on land and water. Inter-state tensions have emerged, in particular between downstream (irrigation water dependent) countries, such as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and the upstream (hydropower energy dependent, and carbohydrate-poor) ones, such as Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Thirdly, all the countries analysed here have followed a rather unequal capital city-centric growth model, using the proceeds of exports of mineral wealth (or cotton) for rapid urbanisation with little or no investment in rural development, resulting in a growing urban-rural divide and increasing rural-urban and cross-border migration. While it is recognised that this region is indeed a bridge between West and East (also re-emphasised by the Chinese ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative), it is argued in this paper that there is a need to reduce these inequalities and unbalanced growth, being that they will be an obstacle to the sustainable growth and development of rural areas.

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“…The litany of health problems faced by the region's children is striking. In addition to the concentrations of TCDD in human breast milk mentioned above, infants have also been observed refusing their own mother's milk because of its elevated salt content (Franz & Fitzroy, 2006). In addition, concentrations of the heavy metals cadmium and lead have been shown to severely impair kidney function in the region's children (Kaneko et al, 2003), and elevated levels of the chemical compounds DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been found in their blood (Ataniyazova, Baumann, et al, 2001).…”

Section: Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature–Society Linkages in the Aral Sea Region

White

2013

Journal of Eurasian Studies

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Central Asia's Aral Sea crisis represents a disaster of monumental proportions, a tragedy for both the region's ecology and its human inhabitants. While the human and natural environments had operated in a sustainable co-joined system for millennia, Tsarist Russian expansion into Central Asia, followed by Soviet expansion of both the cotton industry and unsustainable irrigation practices to anchor it spelled doom for the Aral Sea. Today, many of the political and economic stimuli for such misguided practices continue, as do the continued retreat of the Sea and the proliferation of poor human health. The Aral Sea crisis has received ample scholarly attention, though somewhat surprising is a relative dearth of research explicitly investigating the nature, variety, and directionality of nature-society linkages today within the region. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the contemporary nature-society linkages operating within the Aral Sea region of Central Asia. Historical nexuses will provide necessary background, and the linkages operating currently within the spheres of regional economy, human health, and political considerations will be detailed. Couching the current crisis within the framework of coupled human-environment system contexts reveals a region in which these linkages are largely inextricable. This paper concludes with a call for a reconsideration of the nature-society linkages and a greater emphasis placed on the local region's ecological and social sustainability.

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Child mortality in Central Asia: social policy, agriculture and the environment

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of the Health of the Younger Generation of the Population of the Aral Sea Region

Assessment of the Health of the Younger Generation of the Population of the Aral Sea Region

25 Years of Rural Development in post-Soviet Central Asia: Sustaining Inequalities

Nature–Society Linkages in the Aral Sea Region

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