Chikungunya Immunopathology as It Presents in Different Organ Systems

Traverse, Elizabeth M.; Millsapps, Erin M; Underwood, Emma C.; Hopkins, Hannah K.; Young, Makenzie; Barr, Kelli L.

doi:10.3390/v14081786

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…It has become increasingly clear that ONNV pathology, much like other “Old World” alphaviruses, is greatly attributed to host-driven immunopathology [ 124 ]. Within each case of viral infection, it is the unique host-pathogen interplay that dictates the outcomes of disease.…”

Section: Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of O’nyong-nyong virus: A less studied Togaviridae with pandemic potential

Tong Jia Ming,

Tan Yi Jun,

Carissimo

2024

Virulence

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O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) is a neglected mosquito-borne alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family. ONNV is known to be responsible for sporadic outbreaks of acute febrile disease and polyarthralgia in Africa. As climate change increases the geographical range of known and potential new vectors, recent data indicate a possibility for ONNV to spread outside of the African continent and grow into a greater public health concern. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on ONNV epidemiology, host–pathogen interactions, vector-virus responses, and insights into possible avenues to control risk of further epidemics. In this review, the limited ONNV literature is compared and correlated to other findings on mainly Old World alphaviruses. We highlight and discuss studies that investigate viral and host factors that determine viral-vector specificity, along with important mechanisms that determine severity and disease outcome of ONNV infection.

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Section: Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of O’nyong-nyong virus: A less studied Togaviridae with pandemic potential

Tong Jia Ming,

Tan Yi Jun,

Carissimo

2024

Virulence

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“…CHIKV can infect the lungs and the CHIKV antigen has been isolated from post-mortem biopsies. An intense type I inflammatory response to the virus can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 64 . Pulmonary edema and pleural effusion may occur because of endothelial cell dysfunction 65 .…”

Section: Respiratory Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extra-articular Manifestations of Chikungunya

Oliveira,

Nogueira,

Amaral

et al. 2023

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Chikungunya fever (CHIK) is a neglected tropical disease associated with chronic arthritis. CHIK is usually a self-limiting condition; however, extra-articular manifestations present as atypical illness in a minority of patients. These atypical features may mimic other conditions and potentially distract physicians from the true diagnosis. This review analyzes the evidence of many unusual extra-articular manifestations reported in cases of CHIK. Depending on the affected system, these unusual manifestations include encephalitis, myocarditis, acute interstitial nephritis, cutaneous manifestations, acute anterior uveitis, abdominal pain, and depression. In addition, coinfections and comorbidities may cause atypical illness and obscure the diagnosis. Further studies are required to clarify the pathophysiology and natural history of CHIK, as it remains a burdening condition. Exploring its atypical symptoms may be the missing scientific piece of this puzzle.

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“…Following vector transmission, CHIKF usually presents within a 3-5-day incubation period as an acute febrile illness with severe polyarthralgia/polyarthritis, rash, headache, fatigue, and sometimes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less commonly, CHIKV infection affects other organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, and skin 2 . In recent years, large outbreaks of CHIKF have occurred in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone erosions and joint damage caused by chikungunya virus: a systematic review

Amaral,

Taylor,

Schoen

2024

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Chikungunya fever is an emerging global infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that manifests as an acute febrile illness with joint pain and can lead to chronic arthritis. The mechanism underlying chronic joint damage remains unclear; however, chronic chikungunya arthritis shares similarities with rheumatoid arthritis. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have revolutionized rheumatoid arthritis treatment by preventing joint damage. However, the role of these therapies in chronic chikungunya arthritis has not been determined. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the burden of joint structural damage in chronic chikungunya arthritis to help to define the role of disease-modifying therapy in this disease. Methods: This systematic review included retrospective and prospective studies, trials, and case reports evaluating joint damage caused by chikungunya virus. Various databases were searched without any date or language restrictions. Study selection was conducted independently by two researchers, and data were extracted from the articles selected. Results: A total of 108 studies were initially evaluated, with 8 meeting the inclusion criteria. Longitudinal studies have reported persistent joint pain from chikungunya infection and the progression of radiographic joint damage up to 13 years post-infection. Joint imaging revealed synovial inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage destruction in patients with chronic chikungunya arthritis. Conclusions: Few studies have addressed chikungunya-induced joint damage, limiting our understanding of chronic chikungunya arthritis. Nevertheless, chronic chikungunya arthritis has similarities to rheumatoid arthritis. The success of early disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis underscores the need for comprehensive research on its role in chikungunya arthritis.

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Chikungunya Immunopathology as It Presents in Different Organ Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 143 publications

Pathogenicity and virulence of O’nyong-nyong virus: A less studied Togaviridae with pandemic potential

Pathogenicity and virulence of O’nyong-nyong virus: A less studied Togaviridae with pandemic potential

Extra-articular Manifestations of Chikungunya

Bone erosions and joint damage caused by chikungunya virus: a systematic review

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