Extra-articular Manifestations of Chikungunya

Abstract

Chikungunya fever (CHIK) is a neglected tropical disease associated with chronic arthritis. CHIK is usually a self-limiting condition; however, extra-articular manifestations present as atypical illness in a minority of patients. These atypical features may mimic other conditions and potentially distract physicians from the true diagnosis. This review analyzes the evidence of many unusual extra-articular manifestations reported in cases of CHIK. Depending on the affected system, these unusual manifestations include encephalitis, myocarditis, acute interstitial nephritis, cutaneous manifestations, acute anterior uveitis, abdominal pain, and depression. In addition, coinfections and comorbidities may cause atypical illness and obscure the diagnosis. Further studies are required to clarify the pathophysiology and natural history of CHIK, as it remains a burdening condition. Exploring its atypical symptoms may be the missing scientific piece of this puzzle.

Common arboviruses and the kidney: a review

“…Chikungunya treatment is essentially for pain relief in the absence of a specific drug 31 , and treatment remains symptomatic. For some specific glomerulonephritis triggered by chikungunya, such as FGSF or thrombotic microangiopathy, there are specific treatments with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis and others, but there is insufficient evidence for any of these treatments in chikungunya 31 .…”

“…O tratamento da chikungunya é essencialmente para o alívio da dor na ausência de uma droga específica 31 , e o tratamento permanece sintomático. Para algumas glomerulonefrites específicas desencadeadas pelo chikungunya, como a GESF ou a microangiopatia trombótica, existem tratamentos específicos com corticosteroides, imunossupressores, plasmaférese e outros.…”

“…Para algumas glomerulonefrites específicas desencadeadas pelo chikungunya, como a GESF ou a microangiopatia trombótica, existem tratamentos específicos com corticosteroides, imunossupressores, plasmaférese e outros. No entanto, não há evidências suficientes para nenhum desses tratamentos no chikungunya 31 .…”