Chikungunya fever: a threat to global public health

Abstract

Chikungunya fever is an emerging arbovirus infection, representing a serious public health problem. Its etiological agent is the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Transmission of this virus is mainly vector by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, although transmission by blood transfusions and vertical transmission has also been reported. The disease presents high morbidity caused mainly by the arthralgia and arthritis generated. Cardiovascular and neurological manifestations have also been reported. The severity of the infection seems to be directly associated with the action of the virus, but also with the decompensation of preexisting comorbidities. Currently, there are no therapeutic products neither vaccines licensed to the infection CHIKV control, although several vaccine candidates are being evaluated and human polyvalent immunoglobulins anti-CHIKV had been tested. Antibodies can protect against the infection, but in sub-neutralizing concentrations can augment virus infection and exacerbate disease severity. So, the prevention still depends on the use of personal protection measures and vector control, which are only minimally effective.

The Cellular Impact of the ZIKA Virus on Male Reproductive Tract Immunology and Physiology

“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus, causing arthritis or arthralgia, which is accompanied by fever and rash [101]. CHIKV RNA has been detected in semen and urine, as reported in a case published in 2016.…”

Expressão da glicoproteína do vírus Chikungunya em células de insetos visando desenvolvimento de insumo para diagnóstico e/ou vacina

“…No caso do do ELISA, acontece de não ter a sensibilidade necessária para diferenciação entre as arboviroses recorrentes, isso porque essas viroses apresentam estruturas de reconhecimento anticorpo-antígeno similares. Se faz necessário a utilização de epítopos específicos para diminuir ao máximo ou anular essa similaridade, deixando específico o teste usado (RUSSELL et al 2016. MOIZEIS et al 2018.…”

“…Na fase crônica, há uma persistência no quadro de lesões articulares, comete mais pessoas com mais de 45 anos e maior incidência no sexo feminino. As dores articulares podem evoluir e causar limitação de movimento, deformidade e ausência de eritema (VASCONCELOS et al 2015. MOIZEIS et al 2018.…”

Antiviral therapeutics for chikungunya virus

“…During 1958During -1973, CHIKV infection outbreaks were reported in Thailand and later in other Asian countries. CHIKV infections reemerged in Kenya in 2004, followed by massive spread in Indian ocean [1,3], and after to European countries, as well as in non-endemic regions [4]. According to WHO, Caribbean region and South America proclaimed more than one billion cases of CHIKV infection [1].…”

“…The 5ʹ ORF covers only two-third of the genome and encodes 4 non-structural proteins (nsP1-4) designated as P1234. The non-structural proteins are accountable for genomic replication, RNA capping, polyprotein cleavage, and the other function required for viral replication [3,4]. The nsP1 possesses viral capping, methyltransferase, and guanyl transferase activity.…”