Antiviral therapeutics for chikungunya virus

Abstract

Introduction: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging human arthropod borne virus, can causes global epidemic outbreaks and has become a serious health concern due to the unavailability of any antiviral therapy/vaccine. Extensive research has been conducted to target different proteins from CHIKV to curtail the spread of virus. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the granted patents including the current status of antiviral strategies targeting CHIKV. Expert opinion: Under the current scenario, potential molecules and different approaches have been utilized to suppress CHIKV infection. MV-CHIKV and VRC-CHKVLP059-00-VP vaccine candidates have successfully completed phase I clinical trials and ribavirin (inhibitor) has shown significant inhibition of CHIKV replication and could be the most promising candidates. The drug resistance and toxicity can be modulated by using the inhibitors/drugs in combination. Moreover, nanoparticle formulations can improve the efficacy and bioavailability of drugs.

Antiviral strategies targeting host factors and mechanisms obliging +ssRNA viral pathogens

“…89 Additionally, TOFA exhibit broad spectrum activity against both ZIKV (Flaviviridae) and semliki forest virus (SFV, Togaviridae) by blocking the enzyme ACC. 90 Moreover, inhibition of FASN and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase enzymes required for cholesterol biosynthesis, reduced DENV titer in host cells. 91 Cerulenin, an antibiotic and inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis, and orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, both displayed broad spectrum antiviral activity by blocking FASN enzyme in ZIKV, SFV, CHIKV, and MAYV respectively.…”

Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases

“…Case reports highlight that RT-PCR may detect CHIKV RNA in aqueous fluid [184]. Antiviral drug and vaccine development are underway [185,186].…”

Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Compounds: A Promising Class of Antiviral Agents against Chikungunya Virus

“…It is subdivided into three domains: N-terminal that connects with negatively charged polymers, the one unique to alphavirus (AUD) and hypervariable C-terminal (HVR), which are responsible for the metabolism of the ADP ribose derivatives, which regulate functions in the cell. NsP4 acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that synthesizes new viral RNAs from the pre-existing RNA genome [3,12,18,21].…”

“…It was first isolated in the 1950s in the region currently known as Tanzania, and since then has been responsible for some sporadic outbreaks in the African and Asian continents [2]. CHIKV is transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes spp., most commonly by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus [3].…”