Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Compounds: A Promising Class of Antiviral Agents against Chikungunya Virus

Abstract

Arboviruses, in general, are a global threat due to their morbidity and mortality, which results in an important social and economic impact. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), one of the most relevant arbovirus currently known, is a re-emergent virus that causes a disease named chikungunya fever, characterized by a severe arthralgia (joint pains) that can persist for several months or years in some individuals. Until now, no vaccine or specific antiviral drug is commercially available. Nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds are found in medications, such as aristeromycin, favipiravir, fluorouracil, 6-azauridine, thioguanine, pyrimethamine, among others. New families of natural and synthetic nitrogen analogous compounds are reported to have significant anti-CHIKV effects. In the present work, we focus on these nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds as an important class with CHIKV antiviral activity. We summarize the present understanding on this class of compounds against CHIKV and also present their possible mechanism of action.

Recent Strategies in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Sequential C–H Activation/Annulation for One-Step Construction of Functionalized Indazole Derivatives

“…Nitrogen-based heterocyclic systems are commonly found in pharmaceutical agents and natural products, and they have been intensively explored as new bioactive products [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Among them, the indazoles [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] are favored by synthetic and medicinal chemists, as evidenced by their widespread abundance in pharmaceuticals and natural products.…”

Synthesis of Novel Thiazole Derivatives Bearing β-Amino Acid and Aromatic Moieties as Promising Scaffolds for the Development of New Antibacterial and Antifungal Candidates Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

“…One or several nitrogen heteroatoms containing cycles have been largely described to have many pharmacological actions such as anticancer [ 7 ], antiviral [ 8 ], anti-inflammatory [ 9 ], antidiabetic [ 10 ], antihypertensive [ 11 ], antitubercular [ 12 ], bronchodilator, antimicrobial [ 13 ], anticonvulsant [ 14 ], are also used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [ 15 ] etc.…”