Chicken genetic diversity, improvement strategies and impacts on egg productivity in Ethiopia: a review

Chebo, Chencha; Betsha, Simret; Melesse, Aberra

doi:10.1080/00439339.2022.2067020

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Moreover, the cross may introduce undesirable genes and dilute the desired characteristics [ 2 ] of Hu sheep. Fortunately, the development of genome editing technology, especially CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein) [ 3 , 4 ], and the identification of myostatin ( MSTN ) as a major gene controlling animal muscularity offer a convenient alternative approach to achieve the breeding goal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient and Specific Generation of MSTN-Edited Hu Sheep Using C-CRISPR

Guo,

Wang,

Meng

et al. 2023

Genes

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Hu sheep, an indigenous breed in China known for its high fecundity, are being studied to improve their growth and carcass traits. MSTN is a negative regulator of muscle development, and its inactivation results in muscularity. The C-CRISPR system, utilizing multiple neighboring sgRNAs targeting a key exon, has been successfully used to generate genes for complete knockout (KO) monkeys and mice in one step. In this study, the C-CRISPR system was used to generate MSTN-edited Hu sheep; 70 embryos injected with Cas9 mRNA and four sgRNAs targeting exon 3 of sheep MSTN were transferred to 13 recipients. Out of 10 lambs born from five recipients after full-term pregnancies, nine had complete MSTN KO with various mutations. No off-target effects were found. These MSTN-KO Hu sheep showed a double-muscled (DM) phenotype, characterized by a higher body weight at 3 and 4 months old, prominent muscular protrusion, clearly visible intermuscular groves, and muscle hypertrophy. The molecular analysis indicated enhanced AKT and suppressed ERK1/2 signaling in the gluteus muscle of the edited Hu sheep. In conclusion, MSTN complete KO Hu sheep with a DM phenotype were efficiently and specifically generated using C-CRISPR, and the C-CRISPR method is a promising tool for farm animal breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient and precision genome editor [ 3 , 4 ] and has been extensively used to generate healthier and more productive farm animals [ 25 , 26 ]. Microinjection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into one-cell-stage embryos generates frameshift mutations at target sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Specific Generation of MSTN-Edited Hu Sheep Using C-CRISPR

Guo,

Wang,

Meng

et al. 2023

Genes

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“…It has been established that there is a relationship between the genetic constitution of birds, and their ability to cope in a particular environment ( Cheng and Muir, 2005 ; Peeters et al, 2012 ). Also, better nutrition and health management practices can make birds to survive within their rearing environments ( Kalia et al, 2017 ; Bughio et al, 2021 ; Chebo et al, 2022 ; Mujyambere et al, 2022 ). The observed genetic effect on survivability is consistent with the findings of Ajayi et al (2020) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

Bamidele¹,

Akinsola

Yakubu

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on smallholder farming households (SFH) includes increased poverty, and loss of livelihoods. Provision of livestock to SFH is a helpful intervention to mitigate this impact. This study provided a total of 150 smallholder poultry farmers, randomly selected from three states (Kebbi, Nasarawa, and Imo) in Nigeria, with ten 5-week-old chickens (mixed sexes) each, of either FUNAAB Alpha or Noiler chicken genetics. The improved, dual-purpose chickens were evaluated for growth performance (GP), survivability and profitability. The birds were managed under semi-scavenging production system. Body weight, mortality, and cost of production (COP) were recorded every 4 weeks until 21 weeks of age. Profitability was a function of the COP, and the selling price for live-birds (cocks). Body weight of Noiler (1,927 g) birds was not significantly (p > .05) higher than FUNAAB Alpha (1,792 g) at 21 weeks. Agroecology and genetics had significant (p < .05) effects on GP and survivability. Survivability of FUNAAB Alpha was higher (p < .05) than Noiler, with Nasarawa (81%–96%), having the highest (p < .0001) survival rate compared to Imo (62%–81%), and Kebbi (58%–75%). At 21 weeks, the number of cocks and hens differed significantly (p < .05) within the states (Imo: 2.4 ± .2 and 5.4 ± .3; Kebbi: 2.6 ± .2 and 5.5 ± .3; and Nasarawa: 2.9 ± .2 and 5.8 ± .3). Nasarawa (NGN 7,808; USD 19) ranked best for profitability, followed by Kebbi (NGN 6,545; USD 16) and Imo (NGN 5,875; USD 14). Overall, this study demonstrates that provision of improved chickens to vulnerable SFH in Nigeria holds great potential for economic growth, and resilience during emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Current levels of productivity in these systems are too low to meet growing demands (Shapiro et al, 2015). Attempts at enhancing smallholder chicken productivity in tropical developing countries have mostly relied on the introduction of better performing breeds (Sonaiya and Swan, 2007;Chebo et al, 2022). Some of the breeds introduced into smallholder systems of the tropics were developed for temperate production systems (i.e., assuming reasonable level of environmental uniformity in their management) and did not exhibit optimum performance across heterogenous environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecologies defined by species distribution models improve model fit of genotype by environment interactions to identify the best performing chicken breeds for smallholder systems

Kebede,

Komen,

Dessie

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Animal performance is an outcome of genetic effects, environmental influences, and their interaction. Understanding the influences of the environment on performance is important to identify the right breeds for a given environment. Agroecological zonation is commonly used to classify environments and compare the performance of breeds before their wider introduction into a new environment. Environmental classes, also referred to as agroecologies, are traditionally defined based on agronomically important environmental predictors. We hypothesized that our own classification of agroecologies for livestock at a species level and incorporating the most important environmental predictors may improve genotype by environment interactions (GxE) estimations over conventional methodology. We collected growth performance data on improved chicken breeds distributed to multiple environments in Ethiopia. We applied species distribution models (SDMs) to identify the most relevant environmental predictors and to group chicken performance testing sites into agroecologies. We fitted linear mixed-effects models (LMM) to make model comparisons between conventional and SDM-defined agroecologies. Then we used Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to visualize the influences of SDM-identified environmental predictors on the live body weight of chickens at species level. The model fit in LMM for GxE prediction improved when agroecologies were defined based on SDM-identified environmental predictors. Partial dependence plots (PDPs) produced by GAMs showed complex relationships between environmental predictors and body weight. Our findings suggest that multi-environment performance evaluations of candidate breeds should be based on SDM-defined environmental classes or agroecologies. Moreover, our study shows that GAMs are well-suited to visualizing the influences of bioclimatic factors on livestock performance.

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Chicken genetic diversity, improvement strategies and impacts on egg productivity in Ethiopia: a review

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Efficient and Specific Generation of MSTN-Edited Hu Sheep Using C-CRISPR

Efficient and Specific Generation of MSTN-Edited Hu Sheep Using C-CRISPR

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

Agroecologies defined by species distribution models improve model fit of genotype by environment interactions to identify the best performing chicken breeds for smallholder systems

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