Chicken blood provides a suitable meal for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis and does not inhibit Leishmania development in the gut

Sant’Anna, Maurício Roberto Viana; Nascimento, Alexandre Alves Sousa; Alexander, Bruce; Dilger, Erin; Cavalcante, Reginaldo Roris; Diaz-Albiter, Hector; Bates, Paul A.; Dillon, Rod J.

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-3

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similar observations have been made elsewhere [13,14], and reflect the need for the creation of awareness, health education (through the media) and involvement of the urban communities and individuals in deciding on the materials and methods to be used in LF control activities [15,16]. The importance of socio-economic status proved to be a problem in the implementation of urban MDA, similar to other studies [13,17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Improving drug delivery strategies for lymphatic filariasis elimination in urban areas in Ghana

et al. 2017

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The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) advocates for the treatment of entire endemic communities, in order to achieve its elimination targets. LF is predominantly a rural disease, and achieving the required treatment coverage in these areas is much easier compared to urban areas that are more complex. In Ghana, parts of the Greater Accra Region with Accra as the capital city are also endemic for LF. Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in Accra started in 2006. However, after four years of treatment, the coverage has always been far below the 65% epidemiologic coverage for interrupting transmission. As such, there was a need to identify the reasons for poor treatment coverage and design specific strategies to improve the delivery of MDA. This study therefore set out to identify the opportunities and barriers for implementing MDA in urban settings, and to develop appropriate strategies for MDA in these settings. An experimental, exploratory study was undertaken in three districts in the Greater Accra region. The study identified various types of non-rural settings, the social structures, stakeholders and resources that could be employed for MDA. Qualitative assessment such as in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with community leaders, community members, health providers, NGOs and other stakeholders in the community was undertaken. The study was carried out in three phases: pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention phases, to assess the profile of the urban areas and identify reasons for poor treatment coverage using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The outcomes from the study revealed that, knowledge, attitudes and practices of community members to MDA improved slightly from the pre-intervention phase to the post-intervention phase, in the districts where the interventions were readily implemented by health workers. Many factors such as adequate leadership, funding, planning and community involvement, were identified as being important in improving implementation and coverage of MDA in the study districts. Implementing MDA in urban areas therefore needs to be given significant consideration and planning, if the required coverage rates are to be achieved. This paper, presents the recommendations and strategies for undertaking MDA in urban areas. Funding: This study was supported under Grant Number 43922, administered by the Task Force for Global Health (http://www.taskforce.org/), to NKB. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript Author summaryThe control of lymphatic filariasis depends on the treatment of entire endemic communities, ensuring that a greater proportion of the population is treated. In urban areas, this can be very difficult to achieve. In Ghana, parts of the Greater Accra Region, where the capital city is located, are also endemic for lymphatic filariasis. Treatment in these areas started in 2006, but the proportion of people treated has ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Improving drug delivery strategies for lymphatic filariasis elimination in urban areas in Ghana

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, studies of vectorial competence conducted by our group revealed infection in 90% of Lu. intermedia sand flies artificially fed on chicken blood spiked with Leishmania braziliensis 17. Recently, we demonstrated the possibility of evaluating anti-saliva antibody responses using recombinant proteins, circumventing the limitation of obtaining large quantities of sand fly salivary glands for large scale studies18.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroconversion of sentinel chickens as a biomarker for monitoring exposure to visceral Leishmaniasis

Soares

Souza

Prates

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Leishmania infantum chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL); it is transmitted by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis that injects saliva and parasites into the host's skin during a blood meal. Chickens represent an important blood source for sand flies and their presence in the endemic area is often cited as a risk factor for VL transmission. However, the role of chickens in VL epidemiology has not been well defined. Here, we tested if chicken antibodies against Lu. longipalpis salivary gland sonicate (SGS) could be used as markers of exposure to sand fly bites. All naturally exposed chickens in a VL endemic area in Brazil developed anti-SGS IgY antibodies. Interestingly, Lu. longipalpis recombinant salivary proteins rLJM17 and rLJM11 were also able to detect anti-SGS IgY antibodies. Taken together, these results show that chickens can be used to monitor the presence of Lu. longipalpis in the peri-domiciliary area in VL endemic regions, when used as sentinel animals.

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“…Sant'Anna et al mentioned that although birds do not acquire a Leishmania infection, it is plausible that an avian bloodmeal could follow a Leishmania infected mammalian bloodmeal. Their study showed that chicken blood did not inhibit the development of Leishmania parasites in sand flies and that chickens are unlikely to offer any protection from disease but may, on the contrary, promote parasite growth and development in the vector thus increasing transmission potential [42] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chicken (Gallus gallus) serum as a costly replacement for the fetal calf serum in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania infantum

Nasiri

Dalimi

Ghaffarifar

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

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Chicken blood provides a suitable meal for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis and does not inhibit Leishmania development in the gut

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Improving drug delivery strategies for lymphatic filariasis elimination in urban areas in Ghana

Improving drug delivery strategies for lymphatic filariasis elimination in urban areas in Ghana

Seroconversion of sentinel chickens as a biomarker for monitoring exposure to visceral Leishmaniasis

Use of chicken (Gallus gallus) serum as a costly replacement for the fetal calf serum in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania infantum

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