Chick provisioning and breeding success of Adélie penguins at Béchervaise Island over eight successive seasons

Clarke, Judy; Kerry, Knowles; Irvine, Lyn G.; Phillips, Brad

doi:10.1007/s003000100307

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…The Adélie penguin colony on Béchervaise Island (67°35' S, 62°49' E) near Mawson station East Antarctica, has been monitored annually since 1990-91 , Clarke et al 2002. This colony of 2000 breeding pairs is among a complex of colonies totalling approximately 55 000 pairs located along a 10 km stretch of the coastline (Woehler 1993, Woehler et al 2001.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trip durations and departure weights of foraging penguins were determined from APMS data as described in Clarke et al (2002). Only foraging trips from known-sex adults that were feeding chicks were included, and data were restricted to trips commencing prior to the end of January each year (to be compatible with the tracking data set).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Penguins tracked during incubation in this study walked directly to the nearest margin of the Taylor Glacier polynya before moving northwards into the pack ice, using the polynya as access to the pack ice zone rather than as a foraging locality per Large Adélie penguin breeding colonies are only found in regions where fast ice typically breaks out from the Antarctic coastline before or soon after chicks hatch , Ainley 2002. The presence of excessive fast ice or heavy pack ice during the chick rearing period restricts access to prey, resulting in reduced breeding success in years of extensive ice cover (Yeates 1968, Ainley & LeResche 1973, Spurr 1975, Whitehead et al 1990, Irvine et al 2000, Clarke et al 2002. In the Mawson region, where a submarine canyon facilitates upwelling of warm water, pack ice is limited in extent by early January and the distance to the edge of the fast ice reduced in most years (Michael et al 2003).…”

Section: Foraging Ranges During Breeding and Environmental Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Clarke¹,

Emmerson²,

Otáhal³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Foraging movements of Adélie penguins are constrained both by environmental conditions (e.g. sea ice cover) and life history factors (e.g. regular offspring provisioning). We describe within season changes in foraging range, trip duration and body condition of Adélie penguins nesting at Béchervaise Island, East Antarctica, in the context of these constraints. Penguins were satellite tracked over multiple seasons during the incubation, guard, crèche and pre-moult phases of their annual cycle. They ranged farthest during incubation when sea ice was extensive and shortest during the guard stage when chicks were small and sea ice limited in extent. Prior to their annual moult the birds foraged hundreds of kilometres to the west and east of their breeding sites. A recurrent polynya facilitated access to the sea early in the season when ice cover was extensive. Kernel analyses showed that penguins foraged most intensively close to the colony, along submarine canyons and at the continental shelf break. Increases in foraging range, as the chick rearing period progressed, were consistent with changing energy requirements of adults and chicks and likely intraspecific competition. Whilst provisioning their offspring, penguins adopted a variable combination of time minimising and food maximising foraging behaviour in which choice of foraging rule was determined largely by adult body condition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Foraging Ranges During Breeding and Environmental Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Clarke¹,

Emmerson²,

Otáhal³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The three pygoscelid penguins, Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins, are all affected by changes in sea ice extent (Fraser et al, 1992;Trathan et al, 1996;Ainley et al, 1998;Wilson et al, 2001;Clarke et al, 2002;Kato et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2003). The gentoo penguin is mainly subAntarctic with a subspecies confined to the Antarctic Peninsula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adaptation is mediated by specific differences in foraging and migratory behaviour, life history tactics and breeding chronology. As their preferred habitat is largely defined by the presence/absence of sea ice (Lishman, 1985;Trivelpiece et al, 1987;Trathan et al, 1996;Clarke et al, 2002;Lynnes et al, 2004), the links between sea ice and penguin population process are key to understanding population changes that occur as a consequence of regional warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming

Forcada

Trathan

Reid

et al. 2006

Global Change Biology

203

230

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Climate warming and associated sea ice reductions in Antarctica have modified habitat conditions for some species. These include the congeneric Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins, which now demonstrate remarkable population responses to regional warming. However, inconsistencies in the direction of population changes between species at different study sites complicate the understanding of causal processes. Here, we show that at the South Orkney Islands where the three species breed sympatrically, the less iceadapted gentoo penguins increased significantly in numbers over the last 26 years, whereas chinstrap and Adélie penguins both declined. These trends occurred in parallel with regional long-term warming and significant reduction in sea ice extent. Periodical warm events, with teleconnections to the tropical Pacific, caused cycles in sea ice leading to reduced prey biomass, and simultaneous interannual population decreases in the three penguin species. With the loss of sea ice, Adélie penguins were less buffered against the environment, their numbers fluctuated greatly and their population response was strong and linear. Chinstrap penguins, considered to be better adapted to ice-free conditions, were affected by discrete events of locally increased ice cover, but showed less variable, nonlinear responses to sea ice loss. Gentoo penguins were temporarily affected by negative anomalies in regional sea ice, but persistent sea ice reductions were likely to increase their available niche, which is likely to be substantially segregated from that of their more abundant congeners. Thus, the regional consequences of global climate perturbations on the sea ice phenology affect the marine ecosystem, with repercussions for penguin food supply and competition for resources. Ultimately, variability in penguin populations with warming reflects the local balance between penguin adaptation to ice conditions and trophic-mediated changes cascading from global climate forcing.

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Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin

Cimino

Conroy²,

Connors

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Climate change is leading to phenological shifts across a wide range of species globally. Polar oceans are hotspots of rapid climate change where sea ice dynamics structure ecosystems and organismal life cycles are attuned to ice seasonality. To anticipate climate change impacts on populations and ecosystem services, it is critical to understand ecosystem phenology to determine species activity patterns, optimal environmental windows for processes like reproduction, and the ramifications of ecological mismatches. Since 1991, the

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Chick provisioning and breeding success of Adélie penguins at Béchervaise Island over eight successive seasons

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Environmental conditions and life history constraints determine foraging range in breeding Adélie penguins

Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming

Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin

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