Chick embryo inoculation as a pathogenicity test for Candida species

Partridge, Betty M.; Athar, M.A.; Winner, Hannes

doi:10.1136/jcp.24.7.645

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chicken embryos have been used since 1971 for fungal virulence studies (Partridge et al, 1971), and many studies have been published using this model to evaluate virulence of different fungi such as Candida spp., Rhizopus , and A. fumigatus (Jacobsen et al, 2010, 2011; Kaerger et al, 2015). Moreover, with this model, it is possible to evaluate the role of genes using mutants and to study the immune response of the host during infection (Jacobsen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Alternative Animal Models To Study Fungal Virulence and Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are associated with the current limited antifungal arsenal and the high toxicity of the compounds. Additionally, identifying novel drug targets is challenging because there are many similarities between fungal and human cells. The most common antifungal targets include fungal RNA synthesis and cell wall and membrane components, though new antifungal targets are being investigated. Nonetheless, fungi have developed resistance mechanisms, such as overexpression of eﬄux pump proteins and biofilm formation, emphasizing the importance of understanding these mechanisms. To address these problems, different approaches to preventing and treating fungal diseases are described in this review, with a focus on the resistance mechanisms of fungi, with the goal of developing efficient strategies to overcoming and preventing resistance as well as new advances in antifungal therapy. Due to the limited antifungal arsenal, researchers have sought to improve treatment via different approaches, and the synergistic effect obtained by the combination of antifungals contributes to reducing toxicity and could be an alternative for treatment. Another important issue is the development of new formulations for antifungal agents, and interest in nanoparticles as new types of carriers of antifungal drugs has increased. In addition, modifications to the chemical structures of traditional antifungals have improved their activity and pharmacokinetic parameters. Moreover, a different approach to preventing and treating fungal diseases is immunotherapy, which involves different mechanisms, such as vaccines, activation of the immune response and inducing the production of host antimicrobial molecules. Finally, the use of a mini-host has been encouraging for in vivo testing because these animal models demonstrate a good correlation with the mammalian model; they also increase the speediness of as well as facilitate the preliminary testing of new antifungal agents. In general, many years are required from discovery of a new antifungal to clinical use. However, the development of new antifungal strategies will reduce the therapeutic time and/or increase the quality of life of patients.

show abstract

Section: Alternative Animal Models To Study Fungal Virulence and Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eventually, each isolate had been subcultured 46 times. The parent and two of the mutants, YL and YS, were also passaged through the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos by Dr Betty Partridge; 48-hr broth cultures of each strain were washed in water and diluted in sterile saline to contain about 5 x 105 organisms per ml; 0-1-ml volumes were then inoculated into suitably prepared 9-day chick embryos (Partridge, Athar and Winner, 1971), which were further incubated for 10 days at 37°C. The chorioallantoic membranes were removed under aseptic conditions and spread over the surface of agar plates.…”

Section: Stabizity Of Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Properties Of Mutagen-Induced Variants Of Candida Albicans Resistant To Polyene Antibiotics

Hamilton‐Miller

1972

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Animal studies suggest that C. glabrata is less virulent than C. albicans 22,23 and is rarely isolated from the blood stream 24 . In our study only 2.7% of the cases were due to C. glabrata, but these were clinically indistinguishable from those caused by other species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers

Otero¹,

Palacio²,

Carreño³

et al. 1998

Int J STD AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a frequent inflammatory process in women but it has not been widely studied in female sex workers (FSWs). To estimate the frequency of Candida species infection in FSWs and to identify related risk factors and clinical findings, we carried out a retrospective study of 1923 FSWs over 11 years. We also performed a prospective study of 163 consecutive FSWs with a history of candidiasis during a 4-year period. Candida species were isolated in 1967 samples (18.5% of the total). Candida albicans (89.3%) was the most frequent species, followed by Candida glabrata (2.7%), Candida parapsilosis (1.2%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.4%). In the prospective study of 163 patients, we found vaginal discharge in 76.1% of cases, soreness in 52.1% and vulval pruritus in 32.5%. We identified 12 patients (7.4%) with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. No statistical difference was found between recurrent vulvovaginitis and the use of oral contraceptives, oral sex, tight-fitting clothing and synthetic underwear. FSWs have the same prevalence of candidiasis as other groups of women described in published literature. The proportion of albicans and non-albicans species does not differ between women with recurrent and non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

show abstract

Chick embryo inoculation as a pathogenicity test for Candida species

Abstract: The lesions produced by six Candida species on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing chick are described and compared. It is suggested that CAM inoculation be used as a pathogenicity test for Candida species.

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis

Antifungal Therapy: New Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mycosis

Physiological Properties Of Mutagen-Induced Variants Of Candida Albicans Resistant To Polyene Antibiotics

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About